黄河三角洲近岸潮汐动力对地貌演变的响应及其沉积效应  

Response of tidal dynamics to geomorphic evolution and depositional effects in the Huanghe River Delta

作　　者：龚雪雷 姬泓宇 李鹏[2] 陈沈良[1] Gong Xuelei;Ji Hongyu;Li Peng;Chen Shenliang(State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200241 [2]集美大学港口与海岸工程学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《海洋学报》2024年第2期64-78,共15页

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助(2023M731092);国家自然科学基金项目(U1706214)。

摘　　要：近年来自然过程和人类活动显著改变了黄河入海流路以及近岸地貌格局,而剧烈的地貌演变对近岸水动力环境的影响尚未得到充分研究。为厘清近30年来黄河三角洲近岸水文动力格局对地貌演变的响应过程,本文基于Landsat系列遥感影像和多期测深数据,分析了1992-2020年黄河三角洲岸线和地形变化,并采用TELEMAC-2D建立了多套覆盖整个渤海的数值模型,研究了地貌演变对黄河三角洲邻近海域潮汐动力的影响及其沉积效应。结果表明,黄河三角洲近岸冲淤格局呈现显著的时空异质性,分布多个淤积和侵蚀中心,且2000-2020年南侧老清水沟外侵蚀中心向南移动9.6 km,1992-2015年北侧刁口河口外侵蚀中心东移6.4 km。中长时间尺度黄河三角洲岸线和地形变化主导了潮汐动态,三角洲北部刁口河口近岸潮差减小,清水沟河口外潮差增大,5 m水深处的潮差变化增大幅度达0.27 m;黄河口近岸K_1分潮振幅显著增加,M_2分潮振幅明显减小,东营港附近无潮点向东迁移3.8 km。刁口河口和老河口外高流速区持续减弱,现行河口外逐渐发育形成另一高流速区,持续稳定的高流速区造成了水下三角洲的冲刷,南北侧高流速区沉积物粗化。In recent years,natural processes and human activities have significantly altered the Huanghe River channel and the coastal geomorphic pattern,while the impact of the dramatic geomorphic evolution on the coastal hydrodynamics has not been fully studied.Based on series images captured by the Landsat satellites and bathymetric measurements,this paper analyzed the shorelines and topography changes of the Huanghe River Delta from 1992 to 2020.Several sets of numerical models covering the entire Bohai Sea were established by TELEMAC-2D to investigate the response of tidal dynamics to geomorphic evolution and its depositional effects in the Huanghe River Delta.The results show that the erosion and deposition had significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity,and there were multiple siltation and erosion centers.The erosion center outside the old Qingshuigou Estuary moved 9.6 km to the south during 2000-2020,and the one outside the Diaokou Estuary moved 6.4 km to the east during 1992-2015.The tidal dynamics were dominated by the coastline and terrain changes on the medium and long time scales.The tidal range of the Diaokou estuary decreased,while the old and the new estuary increased.And the tidal range at 5 m depth had a maximum variation of 0.27 m.The K1 tidal amplitude increased significantly,while the M2 tidal amplitude was considerably reduced,and the amphidromic point near Dongying port eastward migration of 3.8 km.The high velocity outside the Diaokou Estuary and the old estuary continued to weaken,and another high velocity area gradually developed outside the current estuary.The continuous and stable high velocity area caused the erosion of the subaqueous delta and the coarsening of sediment.

关 键 词：黄河三角洲 数值模型 地貌演变 潮汐动力 沉积效应 

分 类 号：P736.213[天文地球—海洋地质]