植物甾醇的酶法修饰与生物转化  

Enzymatic Modifications and Biotransformation of Phytosterols

作　　者：毛文刚 郭子妍 贾文敬 黄建忠 舒正玉 MAO Wengang;GUO Ziyan;JIA Wenjing;HUANG Jianzhong;SHU Zhengyu(National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Industrial Microbial Fermentation Technology,College of Life Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,工业微生物发酵技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,福州350108

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2024年第4期112-121,共10页China Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31870787、31370802);福建省自然科学基金(2021J01169)资助项目。

摘　　要：植物甾醇是一类以环戊烷多氢菲为骨架的天然化合物,广泛存在于玉米油等植物性食品中。作为一种新型的食品添加剂,植物甾醇已被广泛应用于各种食品中,如低脂饮料、奶制品、面包等。植物甾醇还具有降低人体血清胆固醇、消炎、抗氧化等作用。植物甾醇自身的理化性质,如油溶性低、熔点高、生物利用度低等,极大地降低了其应用效果。利用各类生物催化剂对甾醇骨架或侧链进行修饰改性,可显著提高其应用效果;利用各种微生物全细胞转化植物甾醇,将显著增加其附加值。重点介绍了当前酶法改善甾醇的油溶性、水溶性和抗氧化性等性能,综述利用微生物全细胞转化植物甾醇、合成甾醇侧链被氧化或母核羟基化的各种甾醇衍生物(甾醇药物中间体)的研究进展及其存在的问题,展望植物甾醇(酯)未来的发展趋势,为植物甾醇的深入研究提供参考。Phytosterols are natural compounds with a cyclopentane nucleus and are widely present in various foods of plant origin,especially enriched in corn oil.As a novel food additive,phytosterols have been added into many fortified foods,including low-fat beverages,dairy products and bread.Moreover,phytosterols also exhibit versatile biological activities,including serum cholesterol lowering and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.However,the practical application effectiveness of phytosterols has been severely underestimated due to their extremely low bioavailability,high melting point and low solubility in water and in oil.In rencent decades,enzymatic modification of the side chain and core of phytosterols has made great progress.This review focuses on the molecular modification of phytosterols using various biocatalysts to redesign their character.Moreover,the prospects of synthetic biotechnology for phytosterol biotransformation are also discussed in this review.

关 键 词：植物甾醇 植物甾醇酯 酶法合成工艺 生物转化 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]