从涂尔干到列维:亲属结构理论与葛兰言的中国研究  

From Durkheim to Levi-Strauss:Structural Theory of Kinship and Granet's China Studies

作　　者： 胡锐[3] 王炳坤 Yves Goudineau;Hu Rui;Wang Bingkun

机构地区：[1]法国远东学院东南亚比较民族学研究室 [2]法国远东学院清迈中心 [3]四川大学道教与宗教文化研究所,四川成都610064 [4]北京外国语大学法语学院,北京海淀100089

出　　处：《中华文化论坛》2024年第2期134-144,共11页Journal of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：葛兰言在其对古代中国的研究中承续了涂尔干对亲属关系问题的关注,列维-斯特劳斯的亲属结构理论则深受葛氏之结构视角的影响,本文对这条代际传承、不断扬弃的学脉进行了梳理与分析。在《中国古代之婚姻范畴与亲属关系》中,葛兰言借助丰富的史料,颠覆了对乱伦禁忌的传统解读,并试图从中国古代氏族的外婚制中建构出以交换与互惠为基础的一般性流通规律。列维-斯特劳斯批判地继承了葛兰言的研究,将其关于婚姻类型与流通的结构分析化为己用,形成了《亲属关系的基本结构》的理论支柱,该作也成为法国人类学史上具有划时代意义的重要成果。不难发现,自涂尔干将亲属关系置于社会团结视阈下重新考察伊始,葛兰言与列维-斯特劳斯都在接续前人研究的同时实现了新的突破。In Granet's study about ancient China,he followed in the footsteps of Durkheim's concern with kinship,and the structural theory of kinship elucidated by Levi-Strauss was deeply influenced by Granet's structural perspective.In this article,the tradition,which has been passed down from one generation to another and constantly optimized,is discussed and analyzed.In Matrimonial Categories and Relations of Proximity in Ancient China,Granet,with the help of rich historical materials,overturned the traditional interpretation of the taboo of incest and attempted to construct a general circulation law based on exchange and reciprocity from the exogamy of the ancient Chinese clans.Levi-Strauss critically inherited Granet's research and adopted his structural analysis of marriage categories and circulation into his own,constructed the theoretical backbone of The Elementary Structures of Kinship,which has also become an epoch-making achievement in the history of French anthropology.It is not difficult to observe that since Durkheim placed kinship under the threshold of social cohesion,both Granet and Levi-Strauss have made new breakthroughs while continued the research of their predecessors.

关 键 词：法国汉学 亲属关系 葛兰言 列维-斯特劳斯 涂尔干 

分 类 号：K820.9[历史地理—历史学] K892.22[经济管理] C913.1[社会学] C912.4