劳动者个人信息权益侵害的法律救济  

Legal Remedies for Infringement of Employees'Personal Information Rights and Interests

作　　者：刘洁 LIU Jie(Shanghai University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201701,China)

机构地区：[1]上海政法学院上海司法研究所,上海201701

出　　处：《江西财经大学学报》2024年第2期119-136,共18页Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“算法规制中的劳动者权益保障机制研究”(21BFX128)。

摘　　要：用人单位对劳动者个人信息的处理,伴随劳动合同的建立、存续与终结,因信息处理造成的侵害也贯穿劳动关系始末。在职场空间,用人单位对劳动者个人信息的不法侵害主要表现为:过度收集、职场监控与不当公开。侵害劳动者个人信息造成的损害呈现双层结构,即侵害个人信息本身的损害与由此衍生的劳动权益损害,后者主要表现为就业歧视和不法解雇。针对侵害信息本身所造成的损害,劳动者可以通过删除权、撤回权或更正权消除侵害状态,并有权请求恢复劳动关系;若损害仍无法弥补,还可主张物质性和精神性损害赔偿。但是针对信息处理导致的劳动权益损害,无法完全借助私法路径得以救偿,仍需回归劳动法。通过扩张劳动者单方解除权,预防和惩戒用人单位的信息处理行为;以集体合同规范行业内的信息处理活动,激活工会的职能,弥补劳动者的自治性缺陷;更新劳动基准的内涵,使其涵盖劳动者信息权益保护,将劳动者信息侵害纳入劳动监察与劳动争议解决机制的范畴。The employer's processing of the employee's personal information is accompanied by the establishment,continuation and termination of the labor contract,and the infringement caused by the data processing also runs through the labor relationship.In workplace,employers'illegal violations of workers'personal data are mainly manifested in the forms of excessive collection,workplace monitoring and improper disclosure.The damage caused by the infringement of employees'personal data presents a two-tier structure,namely,the damage caused by the infringement of personal data itself and the damage caused by the labor rights and interests derived from the infringement,the later mainly manifests in employment discrimination and wrongful dismissal.For the damage caused by the infringing information,employees can eliminate it through the right of deletion,withdrawal or correction;and they have the right to request the restoration of labor relations.If the damage is still irreparable,they can also claim compensation for material and spiritual damages.However,the damage to labor rights and interests caused by data processing cannot be fully remedied through the private law,and it is still necessary to return to the labor law.By expanding employees right to terminate their employment unilaterally,employers can be prevented and punished for their wrongful data processing.Collective contracts can be used to regulate data-processing activities in the industry,activate the functions of trade unions and compensate for the shortcomings of employees'autonomy.The connotation of the labor standards should be updated to include the protection of employees rights and interests,and employees'data infringement should be included in the scope of labor inspection and labor dispute resolution mechanisms.

关 键 词：信息侵害 就业歧视 不法解雇 私法救济 劳动法救济 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]