新兴构式“被X耽误的Y”双重正向评价义的浮现  

On the emergence of the double positive evaluation meaning of the newly emerged construction bei X danwu de Y

作　　者：贾泽林 JIA Zelin

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学国际汉语文化学院,710062

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2024年第3期93-102,共10页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年基金项目“元语言视阈下现代汉语量级范畴的形式与功能研究”(项目编号:18XJC740002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“被X耽误的Y”字面上表达“因此失彼”义,近年来又浮现出了一个与其同形的新兴构式,用于对相关主体在两个领域的优异表现进行积极评价,表达“双重正向评价”的意义。本文研究发现,新兴构式的语义是从原构式“因此失彼”义浮现而来的,随着“因此失彼”义构式中所蕴含“彼”(即Y)的价值性的凸显,在Y被发现并得到认可的语境中,构式语义经历了从“因此失彼”到“假性遗憾”,再到“双重正向评价”的浮现过程。在新构式及其语义特征浮现的过程中,对比参照的表达需要是构式语义浮现的动因。在非典型环境中,Y和X共同获得正向评价的语义解读与语表“被耽误”构成了形义的错配,该构式的形义错配关系违反了合作原则的质准则,从而引起会话含义的推导,是“被X耽误的Y”构式语义的形成机制。The construction“bei X danwu de Y(被X耽误的Y)”is used to express the meaning of attending to one thus losing another literally.In recent years,a new construction has emerged from this construction.The new emerging construction,taking the same form"bei X danzwu de Y",is used to positively evaluate the excellent performance of the subject in two fields and expresses the meaning of double positive evaluation.The meaning of the new construction emerged from the source construction.With the value of Y highlighted,in the context of Y being discovered and recognized,the meaning of the construction undergoes a process of emergence from false regret to double positive evaluation.In this process,the tension between the need of expressing a comparative reference is the motivation of construction emergence.In fact,the positive evaluation of both X and Y poses a contrast with the literal meaning of loss for Y,which violates the qualitative criterion of the Cooperative Principle and causes the derivation of conversational meaning,thus forming the mechanism of the emergence of the construction"bei X danwu de Y".

关 键 词：构式 “被X耽误的Y” 双重正向评价 浮现 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]