乡村教师支持计划能否实现“待遇留人”?——来自北京市的证据  

Can Rural Teacher Support Programs Retain Teachers through Incentives?Evidence from Beijing

作　　者：李聪睿 时敬贻 张子哲 赵楠 LI Cong-rui;SHI Jing-yi;ZHANG Zi-zhe;ZHAO Nan(School of Statistics,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学统计学院

出　　处：《教育经济评论》2024年第1期64-85,共22页China Economics of Education Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助一般项目“面向强国建设的教育资源配置研究”(22FTJB001);北京市教育科学“十四五”规划财政研究专项课题“北京地区高校教育财政保障政策对比研究”(3020-0091)。

摘　　要：发展乡村教育,教师是关键。本文选取2015—2020年北京地区义务教育校级数据,通过构建双重差分模型考察《乡村教师支持计划(2015—2020年)》的实施效果。基准结果表明,该政策显著改善乡村教师待遇,且对初中教师的作用高于小学教师。随后,利用三重差分模型验证了政策蕴含的特征工资理论,其原理是依据乡村学校的地理区位提供经济补偿,补助水平随学校偏远程度的增加而提升。从实施效果看,这一举措有效改善了低收入群体的教师收入;但政策力度在中后期乏力。进一步,利用2019年教师从业调查研究发现,获取乡村教师支持计划规定补贴有助于提升教师的薪资满意度,改善其家庭生活水平,降低了教师离职意愿。因此,乡村教师支持计划在巩固乡村教师队伍建设、缓解教师资源流失方面发挥了重要作用,未来应继续优化乡村教师支持体系,构建长效完善的机制方案。Teachers are key to the development of rural education.Using school-level data of compulsory education in Beijing from 2015 to 2020,this paper investigates the implementation effect of the Rural Teacher Support Plan(2015-2020)based on a difference-in-differences model.The benchmark results show that the policy significantly improves the salaries of rural teachers,and the effect on middle school teachers is higher than that on primary school teachers.We then use the triple difference model to test the hedonic wage theory implicit in the policy.The principle is to provide economic compensation according to the geographical location of rural schools,and the level of subsidy increases as the remoteness of schools increases.This policy has effectively improved the income of teachers in low-income groups.However,the policy intensity is weak in the middle and late periods.Furthermore,based on the survey of teachers'employment in 2019,this paper finds that obtaining the subsidy provided by the rural teacher support plan can improve teachers'salary satisfaction,improve their family living standards,and reduce teachers'turnover intention.Therefore,the rural teacher support plan has played an important role in consolidating the construction of rural teacher teams and alleviating the loss of teacher resources.In the future,the rural teacher support system should be further optimized and a long-term and perfect mechanism system should be established.

关 键 词：乡村教师支持计划 特征工资理论 教师工资 教师流失 

分 类 号：G635.1[文化科学—教育学]