人均受教育年限的省际差异及其变化趋势研究  

Inter-Provincial Differences and Trends in Average Years of Education Per Capita

作　　者：曾杨 周亚 李克强 ZENG Yang;ZHOU Ya;LI Ke-qiang(School of Systems Science,Beijing Normal University)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学系统科学学院

出　　处：《教育经济评论》2024年第1期104-121,共18页China Economics of Education Review

基　　金：国家社科基金(教育学)重点项目“教育经费投入的可持续性及合理分配研究”(AFA220025);教育部综合改革司教育强国建设课题“教育领域综合改革进展成效分析与改革试点经验总结研究”(23JGWT0014);国家发改委“基础教育大数据应用示范工程”。

摘　　要：使用2002—2021年省级层面数据,本文测算和分析了我国人均受教育年限的省际差异及变动趋势,并从基尼系数变化的效应(即累进效应和再排序效应)、受教育年限分组两个方面对人均受教育年限的省际基尼系数进行了分解,分析了基尼系数二十年间变化的原因,以及不同受教育水平人口的变化对人均受教育年限的省际差异的影响。研究发现,二十年间人均受教育年限省际差异整体不大,且呈现逐年下降的趋势,主要源于排名靠后地区人均受教育水平的提升。此外,近年来各省人均受教育年限的差异与高等教育学历人口占比的差异呈现出很高的相关性,前者对后者的变化比较敏感,即高等教育学历人口占比省际基尼系数的小幅度增加会导致人均受教育年限省际基尼系数大幅度提升。本文认为,加强对经济落后地区的财政支撑和高质量人才引进是减少教育差异的有效途径。Using data on the average years of education per capita from 2002 to 2021 across China's 31 provinces(including autonomous regions and municipalities),this study calculates and analyzes the differences and trends in the distribution of average educational years at the provincial level.The study decomposes the inter-provincial Gini coefficient of average educational years from two aspects:the effects of changes in the Gini coefficient(progressive effect,reranking effect),and the grouping of educational years.It examines the causes of changes in the Gini coefficient over two decades,and the impact of changes in the population with different educational levels on the provincial distribution differences of average educational years.The research finds that,over the twenty years,the overall provincial differences in average educational years are not significant and show a declining trend,primarily due to the improvement of education levels in lower-ranking areas.Additionally,in recent years,the difference in the distribution of average educational years per capita among provinces shows a high correlation with the distribution difference in the proportion of the population with higher education and above.The former is sensitive to changes in the latter,meaning a slight increase in the provincial Gini coefficient for the proportion of the population with higher education leads to a significant increase in the Gini coefficient for average educational years.The paper suggests that strengthening financial support and high-quality talent introduction in economically backward areas is an effective way to reduce educational disparities.

关 键 词：人均受教育年限 省际差异 基尼系数 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]