基于模型参数辨识的逆变器故障诊断方法  

Model parameter identification-based inverter fault diagnosis method

作　　者：罗屿 李凯迪 陈春阳[1] 石英春 LUO Yu;LI Kaidi;CHEN Chunyang;SHI Yingchun(School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Shenzhen Metro Group Co.,Ltd.,Shenzhen 518000,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]深圳市地铁集团有限公司,广东深圳518000

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第5期2119-2130,共12页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2023JJ60239);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2018zzts164)。

摘　　要：三相逆变器因已广泛应用于现代工业、交通、航空航天等领域,而具有举足轻重的地位。为解决实际应用中三相逆变器的开路故障严重影响系统正常稳定运行的情形,提出一种基于模型参数辨识的逆变器开路故障的检测和定位方法。该方法通过采集逆变器三相输出电流,将三相电流值进行Clarke变化和归一化处理后,构建逆变器参数模型。将快速递归算法与参数模型结合,对逆变器进行实时参数估计,并将估计的参数组成故障诊断向量,对应逆变器的不同类型的21种开关故障可以形成基准向量矩阵库。正常运行时,监测到的向量和基准模型向量之间的欧氏距离接近于0,而当逆变器发生开路故障时,向量间的欧氏距离将迅速超过一个阈值,据此变化可以检测逆变器是否发生开关开路故障的发生。在检测到开路故障后,对故障开关进行精准定位,通过实时对比与基准模型库向量欧拉距离值得到最小距离所对应的故障标签,通过查询故障分类表,可以定位发生开路故障的开关。在半实物仿真平台开展了逆变器故障的实验,验证方法的有效性和准确性。实验展开了对不同负载下,不同类型的三相逆变器开关管开路故障的诊断,实验结果证明了方法能精确地定位到不同的类型的三相逆变器开路故障,同时也对不同负载运行情况下的故障诊断表现出高鲁棒性。Three-phase inverters have been widely applied in modern industry,transportation,aerospace,and other fields,holding a significant position.To address the serious impact of open-circuit faults in three-phase inverters on the normal and stable operation of systems in practical applications,a detection and location method for inverter open-circuit faults based on model parameter identification was proposed.The method involved collecting the three-phase output currents of the inverter,performing Clarke transformation and normalization on the current values,and constructing an inverter parameter model.By combining the fast recursive algorithm with the parameter model,real-time parameter estimation was conducted for the inverter.The estimated parameters were used to form a fault diagnosis vector,which corresponded to a basic vector matrix library for 21 different types of switch faults in the inverter.During normal operation,the Euclidean distance between the monitored vector and the basic vector was close to zero.However,when an open-circuit fault occurred in the inverter,the Euclidean distance between vectors would quickly exceed a threshold.This change could be used to detect whether an open-circuit fault had occurred in the inverter.Upon detecting an open-circuit fault,precise localization of the faulty switch was performed.By comparing real-time Euclidean distance values with those in the basic matrix library,the fault label corresponding to the minimum distance was obtained.Consulting the fault classification table allows for the identification of the switch responsible for the open-circuit fault.Experiments on inverter faults were conducted on a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.The experiments included the diagnosis of open-circuit faults in different types of three-phase inverter switches under various loads.The results can demonstrate the method ability to accurately locate different types of three-phase inverter open-circuit faults and

关 键 词：逆变器 开路故障 故障检测 故障定位 参数辨识 

分 类 号：TM46[电气工程—电器]