电动汽车热失控危害性评测技术研究  

Discussion on hazard assessment scheme for thermal runaway of electric vehicle

作　　者：张良[1,2,3,4] 赵志伟 张得胜 黄盟 周思达 杨世春 刘国芳[6] Zhang Liang;Zhao Zhiwei;Zhang Desheng;Huang Meng;Zhou Sida;Yang Shichun;Liu Guofang(School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Bei-hang University,Beijing 100191,China;Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM,Tianjin 300381,China;Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building,Ministry of Emergency Management,Tian-jin 300381,China;Tianjin Key Loboratory of Fire Safety Technology,Tianjin 300381,China;China Automotive Engi-neering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401122,China;China Society of Automotive Engineers,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院,北京100191 [2]应急管理部天津消防研究所,天津300381 [3]工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室,天津300381 [4]天津市消防安全技术重点实验室,天津300381 [5]中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司,重庆401122 [6]中国汽车工程学会,北京102600

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2024年第5期756-761,共6页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重大项目(CSTB2023TIAD-STX0024);汽车噪声振动和安全技术国家重点实验室基金课题(NVHSKL-202302);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023SJ05);重庆市自然科学基金(CSTB2022NSCQMSX0447)。

摘　　要：随着电动汽车保有量的增加,动力电池热失控导致的着火事故时有发生,对热失控危险性进行评测是提升电动汽车安全性能的重要手段之一,而行业内尚未形成量化评估方法。针对上述问题,搭建了电动汽车整车燃烧试验平台,并开展了大量由热失控引发电动汽车火灾的模拟试验,提取了以下可用于电动汽车热失控危害性评测的参考指标与部分潜在指标:试验开始至动力电池热失控的时间间隔可作为电池故障预警有效性的指标;热失控至车辆起火的时间间隔与车内温度可作为乘员逃生安全性的指标;烟气体积分数超标时刻及其与起火时刻的关系可作为驾驶室毒气危害性的指标;车内可燃气体体积分数和车外热辐射强度可作为评估爆炸危险性和相邻车辆引燃风险性的指标。通过提出上述评价指标,为后续形成量化评估方法及相关标准提供参考。With the increase in the number of electric vehicles,fire accidents caused by thermal runaway of power batteries have occurred from time to time.Evaluating the risk of thermal run-away is one of the important means to improve the safety perfor-mance of electric vehicles,but there is no quantitative evaluation method in the industry.In response to the above issues,an elec-tric vehicle combustion test platform has been established,and a large number of thermal runaway induced electric vehicle fire simulation tests have been conducted.The following reference in-dicators and some potential indicators that can be used for evaluat-ing the harmfulness of electric vehicle thermal runaway have been extracted:the time interval from the start of the test to the thermal runaway of the power battery can be used as an effective indicator for battery failure warning;The time interval from thermal run-away to vehicle fire and the temperature inside the vehicle can be used as safety indicators for passenger evacuation;The time when the volume fraction of smoke exceeds the standard and its relation-ship with the time of ignition can be used as a hazard indicator for toxic gases in the cab;The volume fraction of combustible gases inside the vehicle and the intensity of thermal radiation outside the vehicle can be used as indicators to evaluate the risk of explosion and ignition of adjacent vehicles.By proposing the above evalua-tion indicators,reference can be provided for the subsequent for-mation of quantitative evaluation methods and related standards.

关 键 词：电动汽车 热失控 危害性 评测方案 

分 类 号：X951[环境科学与工程—安全科学] U467.19[机械工程—车辆工程]