洞庭湖生态水位与生态需水量研究  

Study on ecological water level and ecological water demand of Dongting Lake

作　　者：杨恒 董世杰 吴江 翟然 吕振豫 YANG Heng;DONG Shijie;WU Jiang;ZHAI Ran;LYU Zhenyu(Institute of Science and Technology,China Three Gorges Corporation,Beijing 101199,China;College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Department of Water Resources Utilization,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国长江三峡集团有限公司科学技术研究院,北京101199 [2]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [3]长江科学院水资源综合利用研究所,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第5期90-98,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：中国长江三峡集团有限公司项目“两湖地区生态需水特征研究”(202203202);长江科学院开放研究基金项目(CKWV2021889/KY)。

摘　　要：为保护洞庭湖生态系统,基于洞庭湖鹿角、杨柳潭和南咀水文站1961~2020年逐日水位监测数据,开展洞庭湖生态水位和生态需水量的研究。运用天然水位资料法、湖泊形态法、生物空间最小需求法、年保证率法、最低年平均水位法和频率曲线法等6种分析方法计算得出洞庭湖生态水位,利用功能法计算得出洞庭湖生态需水量。结果表明:(1)洞庭湖东、南、西3个湖区最低生态水位分别为24.20,27.78,29.42 m,适宜生态水位分别为25.80,29.07,30.08 m。(2)洞庭湖东、南、西3个湖区最低生态需水量分别为6.31亿,10.02亿,3.83亿m^(3),适宜生态需水量分别为12.66亿,13.99亿,4.61亿m^(3),洞庭湖最低与适宜生态需水量分别为20.16亿m^(3)和31.26亿m^(3)。研究成果可为洞庭湖区域水资源合理配置、湖区生态系统健康运转和洞庭湖治理与保护提供参考依据。To protect the ecological system of Dongting Lake,we conducted a study on the ecological water level and ecological water demand of Dongting Lake based on the daily water level monitoring data at Lujiao,Yangliutan and Nanzui hydrometric stations in Dongting Lake from 1961 to 2020.The ecological water level of Dongting Lake was calculated by natural water level data method,lake geomorphology method,minimum demand method for biological space,annual assurance rate method,minimum annual average water level method and frequency curve method.The ecological water demand of Dongting Lake was calculated by using the function method.The research results indicated that:①The lowest ecological water level in the east,south and west of Dongting Lake was 24.20,27.78,29.42 m respectively,and the suitable ecological water level was 25.80,29.07,30.08 m respectively.②The minimum ecological water demands in the east,south and west of Dongting Lake were 0.631,1.002 and 0.383 billion m^(3) respectively,the suitable ecological water demands were 1.266,1.399 and 0.461 billion m^(3),and the minimum and suitable ecological water demands of Dongting Lake were 2.016,3.126 billion m^(3).This study can provide reference and technical support for the rational allocation of water resources in the Dongting Lake region,the healthy operation of the lake ecosystem and the governance and protection of Dongting Lake.

关 键 词：生态水位 生态需水量 天然水位资料法 频率曲线法 洞庭湖 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学] P343.3[天文地球—水文科学]