针砭之喻与中国文学批评——医疗话语与政治修辞  

The Metaphor of Acupuncture and Chinese Literary Criticism——Medical Discourse and Political Rhetoric

作　　者：闫月珍[1] Yan Yuezhen(Department of Language and Literature,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学文学院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第3期104-114,共11页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国文学物候传统的文献来源与早期形态”(23AZW004)。

摘　　要：针砭的历史可追溯到旧石器时期,针砭治病早于方药,针砭之痛远甚于方药。针刺的器具既包括金属制品,也包括石质器物。这对中国文学批评产生了影响。首先,在中医思想中,治疗不仅针对身体,而且针对国家,所谓“上医医国”,针刺之体痛与谏言之直接相对应;其次,针刺之刺即讽谏之刺的原意,刺疾往往指刺世,针砭之喻、讽谏之说和谏言传统三者形成对应和类比;最后,在刺疾与刺世的比对中,身国同构成为一条隐含的线索,治疾即治国。身是践行之身,也是养生之身,更是家国之身。针砭基于疾病而来,疾病话语与政治话语关联。总之,在身国同构的构架之中,治疗作为政治修辞将医学、身体和政体统合起来,政治修辞借助身体和治疗隐喻得以完成。政体是治疗的对象,而非自然生长的机体。这与其说是身体政治学,不如说是治疗政治学。The history of acupuncture can be traced back to the Paleolithic period.Acupuncture was used to treat illnesses earlier than medical prescription,and the pain of acupuncture was far more intense than that of prescription.The instruments used for acupuncture included both metal and stone artifacts,which had an impact on Chinese literary criticism.Firstly,according to the traditional Chinese medicine,treatment is not only for the body,but also for the state.As the saying goes,“a superior doctor heals the politic body”,the pain of acupuncture in body and the directness of acute criticism correspond to each other.Secondly,the original meaning of the word“prick”is“satirize”,the prick of acupuncture for disease refers to satirizing reality.The metaphors of acupuncture,satirical advice and the tradition of admonition correspond with and analogize each other.Finally,in the comparison between acupuncture for disease and satirizing reality,the body-state isomorphism constitutes an implicit clue,which suggests the cure of the disease is the cure of the state.The body is the body of practice,of health,and of the state.Acupuncture is based on illness,and the illness discourse is associated with political discourse.In short,in the framework of body-state isomorphism,treatment as political rhetoric unifies medicine,body and polity,and political rhetoric is accomplished with the help of body and treatment metaphors.The polity is the object of treatment,rather than the naturally occurring organisms,which is not so much a politics of the body as a politics of therapy.

关 键 词：针砭 医疗 医国 刺世 身体 

分 类 号：I0[文学—文学理论]