我国教育扶贫政策变迁历程、逻辑与展望  

The Process,Logic and Prospect of Changes in the China s Policy of Poverty Alleviation through Education

作　　者：蒲蕊 郝以谱 Pu Rui;Hao Yipu(School of Education,China Education Management Research Center,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院、中国教育管理研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第3期169-179,共11页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：湖北省高等学校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“学校家庭社会协同育人机制研究”(22ZD009)。

摘　　要：教育扶贫政策是我国扶贫政策体系基础性组成部分,对于阻断贫困代际传递至关重要。基于间断—均衡理论的分析框架,结合政策范式理论,探究我国教育扶贫政策的变迁历程发现:1984年以来的教育扶贫政策呈现出长期均衡和短期突变的特征。教育扶贫政策变迁历经“以线铺面”的普惠式扶贫、“点线结合”的专项式扶贫、“以点为主”的精准扶贫和“点面兼顾”的后扶贫四个阶段。宏观的制度环境变迁、中央和地方政府创新以及政策型社会问题生成是我国教育扶贫政策变迁的内在驱动因素。进入后扶贫阶段,应强化教育扶贫政策与乡村振兴战略的统筹衔接,重视教育扶贫共同体构建及地方自主创新,提高政策制定的科学性,保持政策发展的相对稳定性。The policy of poverty alleviation through education is a fundamental part of China s poverty alleviation policy system,and is crucial to terminate the intergenerational transmission of poverty.Based on the analytical framework of the punctuated equilibrium theory and combined with the policy paradigm theory,this paper explores the changing process of China s policy of poverty alleviation through education,and finds that:the policy of poverty alleviation through education since 1984 has shown the characteristics of long-term equilibrium and short-term mutation.The policy of poverty alleviation through education has gone through four stages:universal poverty alleviation with“line covering the surface”,special poverty alleviation with“point-line combination”,targeted poverty alleviation with“point-oriented focus”,and the post-poverty alleviation stage of“point and surface combination”.Changes in the macro institutional environment,innovations by central and local governments,and the generation of policy-based social problems are the internal driving factors for the changes in China s policy of poverty alleviation through education.In the post-poverty alleviation stage,we should enhance the integration of the policy of poverty alleviation through education and rural revitalization strategies,pay attention to the construction of a community of poverty alleviation through education and the local innovation,improve the scientific nature of policy formulation,and maintain the relative stability of policy development.

关 键 词：教育扶贫政策 间断—均衡理论 政策范式 政策变迁 

分 类 号：G520[文化科学—教育学] F323.8[文化科学—教育技术学]