嵌入性视角下医学专家参与突发公共卫生事件治理的竞技行为研究  

Research on the Competitive Behavior of Medical Experts Participating in the Management of Public Health Emergencies from the Perspective of Embeddedness

作　　者：邹绪森 李贺楼[1] 李慧龙 赵煜霖 吴克昌[1] Zou Xusen;Li Helou;Li Huilong;Zhao Yulin;Wu Kechang(School of Public Administration,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510641,China;Nanshan College,Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou 511436,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学公共管理学院,广东广州510641 [2]广州医科大学南山学院,广东广州511436

出　　处：《科技管理研究》2024年第8期146-154,共9页Science and Technology Management Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“重大突发公共卫生事件舆情中的信息不对称与社会情绪治理研究”(20CZZ042);广东省哲学社会科学“十四五”规划学科共建项目“风险治理视角下超大城市基层治理及优化路径研究”(GD22XZZ01)。

摘　　要：突发公共卫生事件对人类健康、经济发展与社会秩序带来严重危害,医学专家参与是政府治理突发公共卫生事件的重要科学保障,但目前相关文献缺乏对在突发公共卫生事件背景下医学专家参与行为特点方面的研究。以突发公共卫生事件治理为背景,选取2003年非典疫情及2020年新冠疫情防控中的医学专家参与案例,从嵌入性理论视角出发,通过双案例比较研究发现:医学专家为扩大自身的学术观点与影响力,其参与行为呈现出与在其他事件参与行为中不同的行为特征,呈现出趋同化参与和多样化竞技的特征,该特征的变化趋势与形成逻辑受到微观层面行为驱动力、中观层面关系嵌入性及宏观层面结构嵌入性等相关因素的影响;减少上述因素的拮抗效应、增加因素之间的协同效应可以减少医学专家之间的内耗,提高专家治理效能,进而提升政府治理突发公共卫生事件的效能。因此,建议科技专家咨询机构要建立常态化咨询制度,同时建立优化专家参与的制度体系,让科技专家回归独立性、科学性与中立性。Since entering the risk society,sudden public health incidents represented by infectious disease outbreaks have posed serious threats to human health,the economy,and social order.These incidents are characterized by their complexity,uncertainty,wide-reaching effects,high dependency on knowledge,and short decision-making windows.To enhance the effectiveness and scientific basis of governance,the involvement of medical and technological experts in managing these events has become a crucial scientific safeguard.Consequently,public technology has emerged as a significant means to address these sudden public health incidents.Medical and technological experts,representing public technology experts,have seen a substantial rise in their status in the governance process,becoming a primary group influencing policy.This paper preliminarily explores the logical causes behind their behavioral characteristics through the lens of embeddedness theory,analyzes the competitive participation of medical and technological experts in event governance.A theoretical analysis framework is constructed by integrating expert participation theory,arena theory,and embeddedness theory through a literature review method.Subsequently,the framework is applied to two typical cases of sudden public health incidents by using a case comparison method and in-depth interviews.This approach is used to analyze the behavioral characteristics of medical and technological experts involved in specific issues,in order to verify the effectiveness and scientific nature of the framework.The result reveals that the involvement of technology experts is the starting point for expert competition.Throughout the competitive process,individual motivations and the diverse characteristics of relational embeddedness primarily influence their actions.However,under the influence of structural embeddedness factors,their behaviors tend to converge.Over time,as the government's governance model solidifies,the competition among experts gradually diminishes.Overall,the findings

关 键 词：公共卫生事件 公共科技 专家参与 专家竞技 行为多样性 嵌入性理论 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学] G301[政治法律—中外政治制度]