21世纪以来非汉语中的汉语借词研究述评(2000~2023)  

A Review of the Research on Chinese Loanwords in Non-Chinese Languages since the 21st Century(2000~2023)

作　　者：蒋颖[1] JIANG Ying(School of Chinese Ethnic Minority Languages and Literatures,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期45-56,共12页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“基于方言比较的普米语形态演变轨迹研究”(19BYY189);云南省哲学社会科学规划项目“滇川藏纳西语与周边语言深度接触融合的调查研究”(ZD202313)。

摘　　要：在我国汉语和非汉语关系的研究中,汉语借词对少数民族语言的影响最为突出。对汉语借词的研究,过去在描写、分析上做了大量的工作,而对借词适应性的专题研究做得不够。文章根据21世纪以来非汉语中的汉语借词研究成果进行述评,论述非汉语中汉语借词研究的重要性和必要性,归纳了汉语借词在研究内容上主要有借词的类型、特点、规律研究3个方面,并进而论述汉语借词的适应性主要包括结构适应与功能适应两个部分。提出大力加强汉语借词的适应性研究必须包括以下3点:挖掘汉语借词中的中华民族共同体意识;提升对汉语借词丰富发展民族语言重要作用的科学认识;构建适合中国国情的汉语影响少数民族语言的理论体系。The research on the relationship between Chinese and non-Chinese languages in China reveals that the influence of Chinese loanwords on minority languages is particularly prominent.While considerable efforts have been devoted to the description and analysis of Chinese loanwords in the past,research on their adaptability remains insufficient.This paper provides a review based on the research findings of Chinese loanwords in non-Chinese languages since the 21st century,discussing the importance and necessity of studying Chinese loanwords in non-Chinese languages.It summarizes three main aspects of the research content on Chinese loanwords:types,characteristics,and rules,and further explores the adaptability of Chinese loanwords,focusing primarily on structural adaptation and functional adaptation.It is proposed that efforts at strengthening the research on the adaptability of Chinese loanwords must include the following three points:delving into the sense of community of the Chinese nation embodied in Chinese loanwords,enhancing a scientific understanding of the significant role of Chinese loanwords in enriching and developing minority languages,and constructing a theoretical framework for the influence of Chinese on minority languages that is suitable for the national conditions of China.

关 键 词：汉语借词 少数民族语言 语言影响 语言适应 中国语情 

分 类 号：H0-0[语言文字—语言学]