刑事案件二审开庭难的理论反思  

Theoretical Reflection on the Difficulty of Opening Second-Instance Trials in Criminal Cases

作　　者：谢澍[1] Xie Shu

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2024年第3期114-126,共13页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：最高人民法院2023年度司法研究重大课题“深化以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革研究”(ZGFYZDKT202309-01)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：刑事二审开庭范围是2012年《刑事诉讼法》修改的重点内容,但囿于个案的消极影响、考核的指标主导等,时至今日,它仍然是“未完成的改革”。刑事二审开庭问题受到制度因素、实践因素和观念因素的制约,需要在优化和调整审批程序、考核指标的基础上,确立程序公正优先的价值目标,指导制度改革。2023年9月开展的为期一年的“促进提高刑事案件二审开庭率专项工作”已取得显著成效,为了巩固专项工作成果,避免考核指导下的数字泡沫和虚假繁荣,《刑事诉讼法》再修改进程中需要及时作出制度回应,形成规范化、科学化的制度设计:首先,应当充分体现正当程序与诉讼构造的指引,进而突破刑事二审开庭问题中制度因素、实践因素和观念因素的制约;其次,在刑事二审开庭范围的具体制度设计上,可以考虑由列举应当开庭的案件范围转变为列举可以不开庭的案件范围,进一步明确“以开庭为原则,以不开庭为例外”;最后,还需要构建起针对二审不开庭的上诉人权利救济途径和法律监督机制,为刑事二审开庭问题提供具有刚性的程序保障。The range of the criminal second-instance open trial was a key content of the 2012 amendment to the Criminal Procedure Law.However,due to the negative impact of individual cases,the dominance of performance assessment indicators,and the fundamental flaws of the system,it is still an“uncompleted reform”until now.The issue of court sessions held for criminal cases of second instance is constrained by institutional,practical,and conceptual factors.It is necessary to establish the value of prioritizing procedural justice to guide institutional reform,based on optimizing and adjusting approval procedures and assessment indicators.The one-year“Special Effort to Promote an Increase in the Rate of Open Trials at Second Instance in Criminal Cases”,which was launched in September 2023,has already achieved remarkable results.To consolidate the achievements of the campaign and to avoid false prosperity under the guidance of the assessment,the amendment of Criminal Procedure Law needs to make a timely response and form a standardized and scientific design.Firstly,it should fully reflect the guidelines of due process and litigation construction,and then break through the constraints of the institutional,practical,and conceptual factors for the open trial of second instance by holding a court session.Secondly,in the design of the specific system for the scope of open criminal trials in the second instance,consideration could be given to changing from a list of the scope of cases that should be held in an open trial to a list of the scope of cases that can be held in a non-open trial,and to further clarifying that“the principle of holding an open trial is to be taken as a principle,and non-open trial as an exception”.Finally,there is also a need to build up the appellant s right to remedy and legal supervision mechanism for the second trial does not meet with rigid procedural requirements.

关 键 词：二审程序 二审开庭 开庭范围 以审判为中心 刑事诉讼法修改 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]