新精神活性物质“毒品化”处理的法理不兼容性研究  

Research on the legal incompatibility of the“narcotic”treatment of new psychoactive substances

作　　者：熊谋林[1] 赵敏奇 Xiong Moulin;Zhao Minqi(Southwestern University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu Sichuan 611130,China;Chengdu Administration Institute,Chengdu Sichuan 610110,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学,四川成都611130 [2]成都行政学院,四川成都610110

出　　处：《辽宁公安司法管理干部学院学报》2024年第2期2-17,共16页Journal of Liaoning Administrators College of Police and Justice

基　　金：2023年度四川省哲学社会科学基金项目“习近平总书记关于禁毒工作重要论述的学理化阐释及其凉山实践研究”(项目编号:SCJJ23ND219)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：新精神活性物质长期被作为毒品看待,但这与毒品犯罪的行政犯属性相矛盾。事实上,新精神活性物质与毒品的法律属性和规范属性不在同一层面,在是否应当管制,列管的方式、边界上也与毒品有重大差异。简单地将制造、贩卖、运输新精神活性物质的行为直接认定为毒品犯罪,有违罪刑法定原则,甚至有可能违反宪法和立法法。司法实践中,已经出现涉新精神活性物质案件定性和定罪量刑的困难和矛盾,在将其认定为毒品犯罪的同时,或采用法定最低刑处理,或认定为未遂犯和不能犯。新精神活性物质与毒品并不兼容,不能将列管不明的新精神活性物质等同于毒品,更不能将未列管的物质认定为毒品。在坚持罪刑法定原则的前提下,对新精神活性物质应当秉持理性和审慎态度,跳出固有的“毒品化”思维,使其回归其药品及化学品的本质属性,这是解决新精神活性物质定罪量刑疑难问题的关键。New psychoactive substances have long been treated as drugs,but this contradicts the administrative criminal nature of drug crimes.In fact,the legal and normative attributes of new psychoactive substances and drugs are not at the same level.They are also significantly different from drugs in terms of whether they should be controlled,the methods and boundaries of their control.Simply identifying the manufacture,sale and transportation of new psychoactive substances as drug crimes violates Nulla poena sine lege and may even violate the Constitution and legislative laws.In judicial practice,difficulties and contradictions have arisen in the characterization,conviction and sentencing of cases involving new psychoactive substances.While identifying them as drug crimes,they may be treated with the statutory minimum penalty,or they may be deemed as attempted offenders and incompetent offenders.New psychoactive substances are incompatible with drugs.Uncontrolled new psychoactive substances cannot be equated with drugs,nor can uncontrolled substances be identified as drugs.On the premise of adhering to Nulla poena sine lege,we should adopt a rational and prudent attitude towards new psychoactive substances,jump out of the inherent“narcotic”thinking,and return them to their essential properties as medicines and chemicals,which is the key to solve the criminalization and sentencing issues on new psychoactive substances.

关 键 词：新精神活性物质 毒品 药品 化学品 行政犯 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学] D922.14[政治法律—法学] D903