现实情境羽毛球运动员接发球预判的视觉行为特征研究  

A Study on the Visual Behavioral Characteristics of Badminton Playersin Realistic Situations for Predicting Reception and Service

作　　者：雷云艳 李雨欣 李广辉 夏永桉 LEI Yunyan;LI Yuxin;LI Guanghui;XIA Yong’an(Guangzhou Information Technology Vocational School,Guangzhou 510640,China;Guangzhou Institute of Sports,Guangzhou 510500,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市信息技术职业学校,广东广州510640 [2]广州体育学院,广东广州510500

出　　处：《南京体育学院学报》2024年第4期60-66,共7页Journal of Nanjing Sports Institute

基　　金：2022年广东省研究生教育创新计划项目(2022JGXM154);2023年广东省普通高校青年创新人才项目(社科)(2023WQNCX033);2024年广州市科技计划青年博士“启航”项目(2024A04J3946);广州体育学院青年博士资助课题(7230180212);2023年大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310585012X)。

摘　　要：旨在测试不同水平羽毛球运动员现场接发球的预判表现与视觉行为差异,研究现实情境下羽毛球运动员接发球预判的视觉行为特征。24名被试分为专家组和新手组参与测试,通过高速摄像机录制分析被试接发球预判的准确率和反应时,利用便携式眼动仪追踪记录被试视觉行为信息。结果发现,两组被试接发球启动时间和接发效果统计学差异极为显著(P<0.01);准备阶段,两组被试在球与场外区域注视时间的统计学差异极为显著(P<0.01);执行阶段,两组被试在头、肩、场外注视时间的统计学差异极为显著(P<0.01);飞行阶段,新手后场与专家后场、新手前场与专家前场统计学差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:在接发球预判过程中,羽毛球专家的启动时间短,接发效果较好,而新手组启动时间长且接发效果差。羽毛球专家的注视轨迹较为集中,无关注视较少,具有高效的视觉搜索模式,而新手组注视轨迹较为分散,无关注视较多,视觉搜索效率低。研究结果可以直接应用于羽毛球运动实践,为羽毛球运动员接发球预判技能、视觉注意技能训练提供理论基础与实践指导。The purpose of this study is to test the difference of the pre-judgment performance and visual behavior of the badminton players at different levels,and to study the visual behavior characteristics of the expert badminton players in the real situation.The 24 subjects were divided into expert group and novice group to participate in the test.When the accuracy and response of the pre-judgment of receiving service were analyzed by high-speed camera recording,the visual behavior information of the subjects was tracked and recorded by portable eye tracker.The results showed that there were significant differences in the starting time and effect of receiving between the two groups(P<0.01).In the preparation stage,there was a significant difference between the two groups in the watching time of the ball and the field(P<0.01).At the execution stage,there were significant differences between the two groups in head,shoulder and outside fixation time(P<0.01).In flight stage,there were significant differences between novice backcourt and expert backcourt,and between novice frontcourt and expert frontcourt(P<0.05).The conclusion is that in the pre-judgment process of receiving,the badminton expert has a short starting time and a good receiving effect,while the novice group has a long starting time and a poor receiving effect.The badminton experts had more concentrated fixation tracks and less irrelevant fixation,and had an efficient visual search mode,while the novice group had more scattered fixation tracks and more irrelevant fixation,and the visual search efficiency was low.The research results can be directly applied to the practice of badminton,and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the training of badminton players’pre-judgment skills and visual attention skills.

关 键 词：现实情境 羽毛球运动员 接发球 运动预判 视觉行为 

分 类 号：G847[文化科学—体育训练]