Cell polarization in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and advances  

作　　者：Yuanwei Li Xiaoxiao Xu Xuan Wu Jiarui Li Shiling Chen Danyang Chen Gaigai Li Zhouping Tang 

机构地区：[1]Department of Neurology,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei Province,China

出　　处：《Neural Regeneration Research》2025年第3期632-645,共14页中国神经再生研究（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos.82201474 (to GL), 82071330 (to ZT), and 92148206 (to ZT);Key Research and Discovery Program of Hubei Province, No.2021BCA109 (to ZT)。

摘　　要：Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as ‘cell polarization.’ There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations(microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.

关 键 词：astrocyte polarization immune regulation inflammation ischemic injury microglia polarization neutrophil polarization signaling pathways STROKE 

分 类 号：R743.3[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]