快乐:“人之所是”实现的一种表征——亚里士多德快乐思想论析  

Pleasure:As a Representation of the Realization of"What People Are":On the Essentials of Aristotle's Thought of Pleasure

作　　者：张蕴睿 ZHANG Yunrui(School of Philosophy and Law and Politics,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学哲学与法政学院,上海200234

出　　处：《宜宾学院学报》2024年第5期58-68,共11页Journal of Yibin University

摘　　要：快乐与人的本性最为相合,所有人总是趋乐避苦,快乐也因此成为人获得德性与幸福的关键节点,在德性伦理学中占有重要地位。亚里士多德认为快乐缘于实现活动并完善着实现活动,是善好生活的应有之义,并依据“适”与“度”的逻辑实现了快乐的分类。尽管亚里士多德的快乐理论构建得非常智慧,但也有未尽之处,其快乐思想缺失了对快乐的灵魂本质认定,并且尚未摆脱道德神学的枷锁。亚里士多德快乐思想的超越性在于以“类意识”作为其思想内核,并以适度原则作为实现人之所是的方法,最终追寻超脱人身而接近于神的快乐,因此具有独特的历史意义。Pleasure is most compatible with human nature.Everyone always seeks pleasure and avoids suffering.Therefore,pleasure has become a key node for people to obtain virtue and happiness,and occupies an important position in virtue ethics.Aristotle believes that pleasure originates from and perfects the realization of activities,which is the proper meaning of a good life,and realizes the classification of pleasure according to the logic of"appropriateness"and"degree"Although Aristotle's theory of pleasure is constructed very wisely,there are still some unfinished points.His idea of pleasure lacks the identification of the soul essence of pleasure,and he has not yet shaken off the shackles of moral theology.The transcendence of Aristotle's thoughts on pleasure lies in taking"species consciousness"as the core of his thoughts,and taking the principle of moderation as the method to realize what human beings are.The ultimate pursuit is to transcend the human body and get close to the pleasure of God,so it has a unique historical significance.

关 键 词：亚里士多德 快乐 实现活动 善 类意识 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]