新中国成立以来大学学科专业设置的变迁  

The Changes in the Setting of Discipline and Specialty in Universities since the Foundation of New China

作　　者：屈西西 QU Xixi

机构地区：[1]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2024年第3期40-48,I0004,共10页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划教育部重点项目“乡村教师乡土文化自信重塑的教育路径研究”(DAA190306)。

摘　　要：新中国成立以来,学科专业设置先后经历了学习苏联模式的学科分化初期、挑战“本土化尝试”的快速调整期、效仿美国模式的综合化发展期以及“大众化”后的学科专业自适应发展期,并呈现出明显的路径依赖。学科专业设置变迁的根本动力在于多元主体的三角互动张力,尽管在不同时空场域中,政府、社会以及大学等主体,通过改变角色定位试图产生个体自适应,但仍然出现“水土不服”的现象。因此,面向中国式现代化,重塑学科权力、超越学科专业设置趋同窠臼、重构学科结构是学科专业设置创新的必由之路。Since the foundation of New China,the setting of the discipline and specialty has experienced the initial stage of discipline differentiation in learning the Soviet model,the rapid adjustment period of challenging the“localization attempt”,the integrated development period following the American model,and the adaptive development period after the“popularization”,and has shown obvious path dependence.Taking historical institutionalism as the analytical framework,it is found that the fundamental driving force for the change of disciplinary setting lies in the triangular interaction tension of multiple subjects.Although in different time and space fields,the government,society,and universities try to produce individual self-adaptation by changing their role positioning,there is still a phenomenon of“unacclimatization”.Therefore,facing Chinese path to modernization,it is the only way for innovation of discipline and specialty setting to reshape discipline power,transcend the convergence of discipline and specialty setting,and reconstruct discipline structure.

关 键 词：学科专业设置 学科变迁 学科建设 专业设置 

分 类 号：G642[文化科学—高等教育学]