甘蔗间种玉米关键技术探析  

Key technologies for intercropping corn with sugarcane

作　　者：梁统模 郭志丽 庞湘平 李培强 LIANG Tongmo;GUO Zhili;PANG Xiangping;LI Peiqiang(National Sugar Industry System Beihai Comprehensive Experimental Station,Beihai 536017,China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Tieshangang District,Beihai 536017,China;COFCO Beihai Sugar Industry Co.,Ltd.,Beihai 536017,China;Beihai Agricultural Technology Service Center,Beihai 536000,China)

机构地区：[1]国家糖料产业体系北海综合试验站,广西北海536017 [2]北海市铁山港区农业技术推广中心,广西北海536017 [3]中粮北海糖业有限公司,广西北海536017 [4]北海市农业技术服务中心,广西北海536000

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2024年第10期27-31,共5页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家糖料产业体系北海综合试验站项目(CARS-17-0713)。

摘　　要：本文从选地、播期安排、品种选择、种植密度及田间管理等方面,对甘蔗间作玉米栽培技术措施进行总结分析,为推广甘蔗间套种玉米栽培模式提供参考。实践表明,选地方面间作地块宜选择土壤结构好、保水保肥能力强且肥力高的砂壤土地块;播期安排方面根据甘蔗与玉米的生长特点和生理特性选择适宜的共生时期,要求播种时气温稳定在12℃以上;甘蔗品种宜选择发芽出苗好,分蘖率高,株型直立、紧凑适中,宿根性好且品种抗性强的中、大茎早熟品种,甘蔗适宜种植行距120 cm,种植密度为90000芽/hm^(2);玉米品种选择高产、抗倒、抗病性状优良且早熟的紧凑型玉米杂交种,宜选择“隔行一穴多株”栽培方式,保证玉米有效苗22500—24000株/hm^(2);实践生产中,甘蔗种植须注意种茎处理和科学施用肥药等;玉米种植根据紧凑型玉米生长特点进行管理,从种子处理、播种、肥水管理、病虫害防治和及时采收方面科学管理。通过科学选地、合理安排种植时间、选择适宜品种并配套科学管理技术,促进甘蔗和玉米产量形成,提高经济效益。The technical measures for sugarcane intercropping corn cultivation from the aspects of site selection,sowing schedule arrangement,variety selection,planting density,and field management were summarized and analyzed,providing reference for promoting sugarcane intercropping planting models.Practice had shown that in terms of land selection,intercropped plots should choose sandy soil blocks with good soil structure,strong water and fertilizer retention ability,and high fertility.According to the growth and physiological characteristics of sugarcane and corn,a suitable symbiotic period should be selected for sowing,and the temperature should be stable at 12℃ or above during sowing.Sugarcane varieties should be selected with good germination and emergence,high tillering rate,upright and compact plant shape,good rooting ability,and strong resistance to early maturing medium and large stems.Sugarcane was suitable for planting with a row spacing of 120 cm and a planting density of 90000 buds/hm^(2);choosing a compact hybrid maize variety with high yield,lodging resistance,disease resistance,and early maturity was recommended.The cultivation method of“multiple plants in one row and one hole”should be chosen to ensure effective maize seedlings of 22000-24000 plants/hm^(2).In practical production,sugarcane cultivation should pay attention to stem treatment and scientific application of fertilizers and pesticides;corn cultivation was managed based on the growth characteristics of compact corn,scientifically managing seed treatment,sowing,fertilizer and water management,pest control,and timely harvesting.By scientifically selecting land,arranging planting time,selecting suitable varieties,and supporting scientific management techniques,we could promote the formation of sugarcane and corn yields,improve economic benefits.

关 键 词：甘蔗 紧凑型玉米 间种 早熟品种 水肥管理 

分 类 号：TS242.1[轻工技术与工程—制糖工程] S513[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]