非压迫黑在参加空军招飞医学选拔的健康青少年中的临床表现及分布特征  

Clinical manifestations of dark without pressure in asymptomatic teenagers during medical selections of Chinese Air Force cadets

作　　者：吴腾云 刘勇 WU Tengyun;LIU Yong(Department of ophthalmology,Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University,PLA,Beijing 100142,China)

机构地区：[1]空军军医大学空军特色医学中心眼科,北京100142

出　　处：《空军航空医学》2024年第2期111-113,共3页AVIATION MEDICINE OF AIR FORCE

摘　　要：目的通过调查非压迫黑(dark without pressure,DWOP)在参加空军招飞医学选拔的健康青少年人群中的分布规律,提高空军招飞医学选拔对非压迫黑病变的认识,为优化医学选拔评价标准提供理论依据。方法使用超广角激光眼底扫描系统和光学相干光断层扫描对2021—2022年参加空军招飞医学选拔的学生进行眼底检查,统计非压迫黑的发生率及累及范围等临床特征。结果共有744名学生(1488只眼)纳入研究,其中女112名(224只眼)、男632名(1264只眼)。9名学生13只眼检出存在DWOP,检出率0.87%。其中,男7名11只眼(检出率0.87%),女2名2只眼(检出率0.89%)。4名学生被检出双眼存在DWOP。10只眼(76.92%)病变分布在鼻侧象限,其中8只眼(61.5%)病变与视盘相连。所有学生均未检出视力、视野等视功能异常。结论DWOP不是一种视网膜/脉络膜色素改变或玻璃体/视网膜交界面改变,无直接证据支持DWOP能够引起视功能改变。在空军招飞医学选拔中,学员眼底检查发现存在非压迫黑体征,但不合并其他眼底异常改变的,不做单项不合格结论。Objective To advance our understanding of dark without pressure(DWOP)by investigating its distribution among asymptomatic teenagers who participated in medical selection of Chinese Air Force cadets so as to provide data for optimizing the evaluation criteria of medical selection.Methods Students who participated in the medical selection of Air Force cadets in 2021-2022 were examined by using the ultra-wide angle laser fundus scanning system and optical coherence tomography while the clinical characteristics,such as the incidence of DWOP and the extent of its involvement,were analyzed.Results A total of 744 cadets(1488 eyes)were enrolled in the study,112 of whom were females(224 eyes)and 632 were males(1264 eyes).DWOP was detected in 13 eyes of 9 students(0.87%),including 7 males(11 eyes)with a detection rate was 0.87%and 2 females(2 eyes)with a detection rate of 0.89%.In 10 of these eyes(76.92%),the lesions were in the nasal quadrant,and were related to the optic disc in 8 eyes(61.5%).No visual function abnormalities such as visual acuity or visual field were detected in any student.Conclusion DWOP is not a retinal/choroidal pigment change or vitreous/retinal interface change,and there is no direct evidence that DWOP can cause functional changes.During the medical selection of Air Force cadets,cadets whose fundus examinations reveal the presence of DWOP that is not combined with other abnormal fundus changes should not be subject to a failing conclusion.

关 键 词：非压迫黑 超广角激光眼底成像 光学相干光断层成像 

分 类 号：R774.1[医药卫生—眼科]