冲突与弥合:个人信息刑事调取的数字转型与法律因应  

Conflict and Bridging: Digital Transformation and Legal Response to Criminal Access to Personal Information

作　　者：刘文琦 Liu Wenqi

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2024年第5期104-119,共16页

基　　金：司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“侦查程序中调取个人信息的法律规制”(项目编号:22SFB5031)。

摘　　要：数字技术深度嵌入犯罪治理,个人信息刑事调取发生数字嬗变,调取对象存储形式数据化、调取对象内容承载复杂化、与案件无涉的网络平台协助调取普遍化。然而,调取规则仍以物理空间为治理场景,刑事调取被概括定性为任意侦查,程序规制宽泛,规则偏重鉴真。个人信息刑事调取的规范面向与数字面向的显著差异使数字化刑事调取治理面临三重张力,刑事调取突破任意侦查属性,背离程序法定主义,对个人信息权益保障不足。对此,应当在个人信息分类分级与取证措施性质基础上,将个人信息刑事调取进行体系建构,并从调取目的、必要性及审批权限方面进行程序的合比例构造,再导入知情权、更正权,强化调取中的个人信息权利保障。Digital technology has been deeply embedded in crime governance,and criminal access to personal information has undergone digital transmutation,with the dataization of the form in which access objects are stored,the complexity of the content carried by access objects,and the generalization of the assistance of online platforms in accessing information that has no bearing on the case.However,the rules of access are still based on the physical space as the governance scenario,and criminal access has been generalized and characterized as arbitrary investigation,with broad procedural regulation and rules favoring authentication.The significant difference between the normative and digital aspects of criminal access to personal information makes the governance of digital criminal access face a triple tension,with criminal access breaking through the attribute of arbitrary investigation,departing from procedural legalism,and insufficiently safeguarding the rights and interests of personal information.In this regard,on the basis of the classification of personal information and the nature of forensic measures,criminal access to personal information should be systematically constructed,and the proportionate construction of procedures should be carried out in terms of the purpose of access,necessity and approval authority,and the right to know and the right to rectification should be introduced to strengthen the protection of personal information rights in access.

关 键 词：数据调取 分类分级 个人信息权 刑诉法修改 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]