海南临高红牌-马袅沿岸海域造礁石珊瑚群落结构及其环境影响因子  

Community structure of reef-building corals and their environmental impact factors in the coastal waters of Hongpai-Maniao,Lingao,Hainan

作　　者：罗勇 黄林韬[1,4] 杨剑辉 练健生[1,2,3] 刘骋跃[1,2,3] 江雷 梁宇娴 陈伦举[1] 雷新明 刘胜[1,2,3] 黄晖 LUO Yong;HUANG Lintao;YANG Jianhui;LIAN Jiansheng;LIU Chengyue;JIANG Lei;LIANG Yuxian;CHEN Lunju;LEI Xinming;LIU Sheng;HUANG Hui(Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology(South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences),Guangzhou 510301,China;CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province,Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering,SCSIO,Sanya 572000,China;Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station,Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Sanya 572000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室(中国科学院南海海洋研究所),广东广州510301 [2]三亚海洋科学综合(联合)实验室,海南省热带海洋生物技术重点实验室,三亚海洋生态环境与工程研究院,海南三亚572000 [3]海南三亚海洋生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,中国科学院海南热带海洋生物实验站,海南三亚572000 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《热带海洋学报》2024年第3期72-86,共15页Journal of Tropical Oceanography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41976120、42276124);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC31005001);海南省自然科学基金项目(423MS130)。

摘　　要：为查明海南临高红牌—马袅沿岸海域造礁石珊瑚群落结构及其环境因子,于2023年3月18—23日对该区域开展造礁石珊瑚群落、底质类型、悬浮物沉降速率和水环境因子调查。结果显示:(1)本区域造礁石珊瑚共鉴定13科24属42种和7未定种,其覆盖率均值为(18.05±10.53)%,集中分布在水深1.0~2.5m;(2)造礁石珊瑚优势种以团块状或皮壳状生长型为主,死造礁石珊瑚覆盖率(>2年)与活造礁石珊瑚覆盖率、Shannon多样性指数呈显著负相关,而Shannon多样性指数与Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数呈显著正相关,这表明伴随造礁石珊瑚的死亡,其覆盖率和物种多样性显著降低;(3)死造礁石珊瑚覆盖率与砂质底覆盖率呈显著正相关,而与pH呈显著负相关;Pielou均匀度指数与溶解氧和悬浮物沉积物速率呈显著负相关性;水体浊度与光合有效辐射漫衰减系数Kd-PAR(diffuse attenuation coefficient of the photosynthetically active radiation)呈显著正相关,且其均值(3.81±1.10)NTU(nephelometric turbidity unit)已超过影响造礁石珊瑚生长的胁迫阈值(3NTU)。这些结果表明,海底砂质覆盖率、悬浮物沉降速率、浊度、pH、溶解氧和Kd-PAR等是影响该海域造礁石珊瑚群落结构的重要环境因子。综上,临高红牌—马袅沿岸海域是造礁石珊瑚分布热点之一,具有较高物种多样性和覆盖率。然而,该区域造礁石珊瑚垂直分布范围较窄,且正面临多重环境因子胁迫,需要采取有效措施进行及时保护。To identify the community structure of reef-building corals and their environmental factors in the coastal waters of Hongpai-Maniao,Lingao,Hainan,a survey on the reef-building coral communities,substrate types,sediment accumulation rates and water environmental factors was conducted in the region from 18th to 23th March,2023.The results showed that:1)reef-building corals in the region were identified with 42 species in 24 genera of 13 families and 7 undetermined species,with a mean cover of(18.05±10.53)%,concentrated at water depths of 1.0~2.5m;2)the dominant species of reef-building corals were predominantly massive or encrusting growth types,and dead reef-building coral cover(>2 years old)was significantly negatively correlated with live reef-building coral cover and Shannon's diversity index,while Shannon's diversity index was significantly positively correlated with Simpson's dominance index and Pielou's evenness index,indicating that the death of reef-building corals was accompanied by a significant reduction in their cover and species diversity;3)dead reef-building coral cover was significantly positively correlated with sand cover and negatively correlated with pH;the Pielou's evenness index was significantly negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen and sediment accumulation rates;water turbidity was significantly positively correlated with the diffuse attenuation coefficient of the photosynthetically active radiation(Kd-PAR)and its mean value(3.81±1.10)NTU(nephelometric turbidity unit)already exceeded the stress threshold of 3NTU affecting the growth of reef-building corals.These results demonstrate that benthic sand cover,sedimentation rate,turbidity,pH,dissolved oxygen and Kd-PAR are important environmental factors affecting the structure of reef-building coral communities in this area.In summary,the coastal waters of Lingao Hongpai-Maniao is one of the hotspots for the distribution of reef-building corals,with high species diversity and cover.However,the vertical distribution of reef-building cora

关 键 词：临高 造礁石珊瑚 群落结构 环境因子 影响 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]