孕妇环境暴露致使胎儿出生缺陷的无知责任审视  

An Examination of the Ignorance Responsibility in Maternal Environmental Exposure for Fetal Birth Defects

作　　者：梁璐 张欣[2] LIANG Lu;ZHANG Xin(School of Humanities,Central South University,Changsha 410012,China;Xiangya Hospital,Central South University,Changsha 410008,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学人文学院,湖南长沙410012 [2]中南大学湘雅医院,湖南长沙410008

出　　处：《医学与哲学》2024年第10期33-38,共6页Medicine and Philosophy

基　　金：2022年国家社会科学基金重大项目(22&ZD044);2020年中南大学研究生自主探索创新项目(2020zzts002)。

摘　　要：环境暴露是造成胎儿出生缺陷的重要生殖风险,无知通常是孕妇环境暴露无责的借口。无知能否免责,则需要在知识论的立场上审视无知的责任归属问题。标准观点主张无知是知识的缺乏或缺失,蕴含着真值无知、信念无知和正当性无知三种可能。对等论认为仅当主体存在疏忽、故意、偏见、鲁莽、轻信或消极态度等理智恶习时,所造成的无知才是有责的。修正出于理智恶习的无知需要主体自我改善,通过个人自主原因和关系自主原因的动机干预,能够为维护母胎健康和公共卫生安全提供行动保障。Environmental exposure is a vital reproductive risk that causes fetal birth defects,and ignorance is usually an excuse for maternal environmental exposure to be irresponsible.Whether ignorance can be exempted from responsibility requires an examination of the responsibility attribution of ignorance from the standpoint of epistemology.The standard view advocates that ignorance is a lack or absence of knowledge,encompassing three possibilities:ignorance of truth,ignorance of belief,and ignorance of justification.The parity thesis holds that ignorance is only responsible when the subject exhibits rational vices such as negligence,intent,prejudice,recklessness,credulity or negative attitudes.The modification of ignorance motivated by rational vices requires self-improvement on the part of the agent,and motivational interventions through personal and relational autonomous causes can provide action to safeguard maternal and fetal health and public health safety.

关 键 词：无知 无知责任 环境暴露 出生缺陷 理智恶习 

分 类 号：R-05[医药卫生]