黄土高原高速公路边坡草本群落植被特征及其与土壤的关系  

Vegetation characteristics of herb communities on highway slopes of the Loess Plateau and their relationship with soil

作　　者：毛光锐 赵锦梅[1] 朱恭[2] 崔海明 刘万智 MAO Guangrui;ZHAO Jinmei;ZHU Gong;CUI Haiming;LIU Wanzhi(College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Lanzhou City North and South Two Mountains Environmental Greening Project Headquarters,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]兰州市南北两山环境绿化工程指挥部,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2024年第5期788-796,共9页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2023CYZC-45);兰州市南北两山环境绿化工程指挥部项目(LNLJ2022(01))。

摘　　要：研究黄土高原高速公路边坡不同年限喷播混合草种草本群落植被特征和物种多样性,探讨草本群落特征、物种多样性与土壤物理化学性质之间的关系。以空间代替时间方法,研究黄土高原高速公路边坡草本群落分别恢复15 a、12 a、8 a、4 a和2 a草本群落特征、α物种多样性及其与土壤物理化学性质Mantel检验相关性。边坡恢复15 a共调查到8科13属13种,恢复12 a共调查到7科10属10种,恢复8 a共调查到3科5属5种,恢复4 a共调查到3科5属5种,恢复2 a共调查到4科6属6种;Patric物种丰富度恢复15 a>12 a>8 a>2 a>4 a,Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数恢复15 a>12 a>2 a>8 a>4 a,Pielou均匀度指数恢复15 a>2 a>8 a>12 a>4 a;Patric物种丰富度与总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05),Shannon-Wiener指数与有机质、全磷呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。边坡不同年限喷洒混合草种后,草本群落多为多年生草本植物组成,但群落物种组成、数量上存在差异;Patric物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener、Simpson指数随着恢复年限的增长呈上升趋势;土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷等是Patric物种丰富度与Shannon-Wiener指数的关键环境因子。This study examined the vegetation characteristics and species diversity of mixed herb communities in different years on the slope of expressway in the Loess Plateau,and explored the relationship between herb community characteristics,species diversity,and soil physical and chemical properties.The characteristics of herb communities,αspecies diversity,and their correlation with soil physical and chemical properties were studied using the Mantel test after 15 a,12 a,8 a,4 a,and 2 a of restoration of herb communities on the highway slope of the Loess Plateau by space instead of time.In total,13 species of 13 genera in 8 families were investigated in 15 a of slope restoration,10 species of 10 genera in 7 families were investigated in 12 a of restoration,5 species of 5 genera in 3 families were investigated in 8 years of restoration,5 species of 5 genera in 3 families were investigated in 4 a of restoration,and 6 species of 6 genera in 4 families were investigated in 2 a of restoration.Patric species richness recovered in the order 15 a>12 a>8 a>2 a>4 a,the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices recovered in the order 15 a>12 a>2 a>8 a>4 a,and the Pielou evenness index recovered in the order 15 a>2 a>8 a>12 a>4 a.Patric species richness was significantly positively correlated with total porosity and capillary porosity,organic matter,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus(P<0.05),and the Shannon-Wiener index was significantly positively correlated with organic matter and total phosphorus(P<0.05).After spraying mixed grass species in different years on the slope,the herb communities mostly contained perennials,but there were differences in species composition and quantity of the community.The species richness,Shannon-Wiener index,and Simpson index of patric species showed an upward trend as the number of restoration years increased.Soil total porosity,capillary porosity,organic matter,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus were the key environmental factors affecting patric species richness and the Shannon-Wiener index.

关 键 词：黄土高原高速公路边坡 草本群落 植被特征 土壤 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]