航天诱变育种对金针菇遗传和药用品质性状的影响  

Effects of spaceflight mutagenesis breeding on genetic and medicinal quality traits of Flammulina filiformis

作　　者：林艺美 赖亮民 钟武杰[1] 黄舒婷[1] 王家佩 王杰[1] LIN Yimei;LAI Liangmin;ZHONG Wujie;HUANG Shuting;WANG Jiapei;WANG Jie(College of Food Science,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学食品学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2024年第3期575-582,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划资助项目(2018B020206001);广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金(20210722);广东省农业厅种业振兴项目(2022-WPY-00-004)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在利用航天诱变技术,选育获得金针菇特色优质种质资源。[方法]对金针菇菌株F3-1进行航天诱变处理,通过拮抗试验、分子标记试验和活性物质测定等对航天诱变菌株进行筛选鉴定及遗传变异多样性分析,并筛选活性物质含量高的菌株。[结果]拮抗试验初筛获得7株与出发菌株存在拮抗现象的变异株。分子标记(ISSR、RAPD、SRAP)聚类分析结果表明,7个诱变菌株与出发菌株的遗传相似系数为0.694~0.962,且在遗传相似系数为0.800时可分为3个类群。诱变菌株与出发菌株的菌丝生长速度、生物量、总酚、类黄酮、多糖和麦角硫因等指标的变异系数为7.68%~38.97%,遗传多样性指数H′为1.53~2.00。其中,多糖含量的变异系数最高,受诱变影响大;总酚的遗传多样性指数最大,诱变类型丰富。生物学特性聚类分析显示,在遗传距离为3.16时分为3个类群。最终筛选获得2株活性物质含量高的菌株(T2和T5),其中T2菌株生长速度、生物量和活性物质等均优于出发菌株,而T5菌株主要表现为高多糖含量菌株,其多糖含量比出发菌株提高114.70%(P<0.01)。[结论]航天诱变处理的金针菇菌株存在丰富的遗传变异多样性,是新品种选育的优异种质资源。[Objectives]This article aimed to obtain characteristics and high-quality germplasm resources of Flammulina filiformis by space mutagenesis technology.[Methods]F.filiformis strain F3-1 was subjected to aerospace mutagenesis.Spaceflight mutagenesis strains were screened,characterized and analyzed for diversity of genetic variations by experiments such as antagonistic experiments,molecular marker experiments and determination of active substances.Strains with high contents of active substances were screened.[Results]Seven variants with obvious antagonism to the starting strain were obtained by antagonism test.Molecular marker(ISSR,RAPD,SRAP)clustering analysis showed that the seven mutant strains and starting strain shared genetic similarity coefficients from 0.694 to 0.962,and could be classified into three clusters at a genetic similarity coefficient of 0.800.The variation coefficients such as mycelial growth rate,biomass,phenolics,flavanoid,polysaccharide and ergothionein between mutagenized and starting strains ranged from 7.68%to 38.97%,and the genetic diversity index H′ranged from 1.53 to 2.00.Among them,the highest coefficient of variation was found for polysaccharide content,indicating that it was greatly affected by mutagenesis;the genetic diversity index was largest for total phenols,indicating its rich mutagenesis types.Biological properties cluster analysis revealed three clusters at a genetic distance of 3.16.Finally,two high polysaccharide content strains(T2 and T5)were obtained by screening,among which T2 was superior to the starting strain in terms of growth rate,biomass and active substances,while T5 was mainly characterized as a high polysaccharide content strain with 114.70%higher polysaccharide content than the starting strain(P<0.01).[Conclusions]There was abundant genetic variation diversity in the strains treated by spaceflight mutagenesis,which was an excellent germplasm resource for new variety breeding.

关 键 词：金针菇 航天育种 分子标记 药用品质性状 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S335.29[农业科学—作物遗传育种]