同一陈述的必然性  

On the Necessity of Identity Statements

作　　者：张燕京 ZHANG Yanjing(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学哲学与社会学学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第3期46-57,共12页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

摘　　要：同一性概念和必然性概念是当代哲学中的重要概念,同一性问题和必然性问题是当代哲学中的重要问题。克里普克提出的必然同一理论,对于当代哲学和逻辑都产生了重大影响。克里普克认为,同一陈述的哲学释义基于对必然性作出的形而上学界定和本体论反思,由专名构成的同一陈述和科学理论同一陈述,如果它们是真的,那么它们就是必然的。必然同一理论更深层次的论证根基,是基于严格指示词和摹状词的截然二分,严格区分二者的逻辑作用,才能有力地拒斥偶然同一的观点,从而为必然同一作出辩护。克里普克必然同一理论促进了其本质主义的发展,只有本质能够经得起必然性的检验,是一个个体保持与其自身同一的唯一标准。从严格指示词和摹状词的区分论述克里普克同一陈述必然性的观点,有助于深刻把握克里普克的必然同一理论,有助于加深对于当代语言哲学和形而上学相关问题的理解。Kripke's theory of necessity of identity has a significant impact on contemporary philosophy and logic.Kripke thinks that the philosophical interpretation of the identity statements is based on the metaphysical definition of necessity and ontological reflection,and that if the identity statements composed of proper names and the identity statements of scientific theory are true,they must be necessary.The deeper foundation of the argument for Kripke's theory of necessity of identity is based on the diametrically dichotomy between rigid designators and descriptions.Only by strictly distinguishing the logical functions of them can we forcefully reject the viewpoint of contingent identity and thus defend the necessity of identity.Kripke's theory of necessity of identity contributes to the development of its essentialism.Only the essence can stand the test of necessity,and is the only criterion for an individual to remain identical with himself.Explaining the necessity of Kripke's identity statements from the distinction between rigid designators and descriptions is helpful for a profound grasp of Kripke's theory of necessity of identity and for deepening the understanding of contemporary philosophy of language and metaphysical issues.

关 键 词：同一性 必然性 严格指示词 摹状词 本质主义 

分 类 号：B815.1[哲学宗教—逻辑学]