增温对黑斑侧褶蛙蝌蚪形态表型和生理特征的影响  

Effects of Increased Temperature on Morphological Phenotypes and Physiological Traits of Pelophylax nigromaculatus Tadpoles

作　　者：裴鑫怡 王萍 彭秀娟 刁迎珠 李文慧 伍亮 张志强[1] PEI Xin-yi;WANG Ping;PENG Xiu-juan;DIAO Ying-zhu;LI Wen-hui;WU Liang;ZHANG Zhi-qiang(College of Animal Science and Technology,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学动物科技学院,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2024年第3期165-171,共7页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：安徽农业大学2020年度省级重点教学研究项目(2020jyxm0531);2021年度省级线下课程项目(2021xxkc039);安徽农业大学2021年校级(XJDC202110364053);省级大学生创新创业训练项目(S202110364019);安徽农业大学2023年度校级动物学教学创新团队项目(2023aujxtd004)

摘　　要：探究增温对蝌蚪形态表型和生理特征的影响,可为深入理解气候变暖背景下蝌蚪生存适应策略提供基础数据。2021年4月,设置了26℃、28℃和30℃3个温度梯度组,每组设平行处理3次,测定了黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylax nigromaculatus)从37期蝌蚪发育至46期幼蛙的时长、46期幼蛙身体和内脏器官大小、血液中各型白细胞的百分比及嗜中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比值(N/L)、植物血凝素(phytohemagglutinin,PHA-P)反应的变化情况。结果显示:(1)随着温度升高,变态时长缩短,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);变态完成期幼蛙的体型随温度升高显著变小(P<0.05),肾脏湿重系数下降明显(P<0.05),其他内脏器官湿重系数和消化道各段长度系数的组间差异均不显著(P>0.05);(2)增温使幼蛙血液中嗜中性粒细胞的百分比和N/L下降(P<0.05),但嗜碱性粒细胞的百分比明显增加(P<0.05);(3)26℃、28℃和30℃幼蛙PHA-P反应最高值分别出现于注射后1、2和2 h,组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。增温使幼蛙的体型趋于变小、肾脏湿重下降,免疫功能和应激反应能力均趋弱,嗜中性粒细胞与嗜碱性粒细胞的数量存在权衡关系,气候变暖将不利于幼蛙的存活。In this study,we explored the effects of increasing temperature on the morphological phenotype and physiological traits on the tadpoles of dark-spotted frogs,Pelophylax nigromaculatus.Three temperature treatments(26℃,28℃,and 30℃)were set for the study,with each treatment run in triplicate.The metamorphosis duration from Gosner stage 37 tadpoles to Gosner stage 46 froglets(complete metamorphosis)was recorded,and the morphological phenotypes and physiological traits of Gosner stage 46 froglets were determined,including the sizes of body and internal organs,percentage of different leukocyte subtypes in the blood,ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes(N/L),and responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin(PHA-P).One-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons were used to analyze differences among the temperature treatment groups.Results show:(1)The increased temperature shortened the metamorphosis duration from Gosner stage 37 tadpoles to stage 46 froglets,but no significant differences were found among the temperature groups(P>0.05).The body size of froglets,as well as the kidney wet mass index decreased significantly with increased temperatures(P<0.05).No significant differences were found among different temperature treatments for any other organ wet mass index or the length index of different digestive tract segments(P>0.05).(2)With increased temperature,both the percentage of neutrophils and N/L decreased while the percentage of basophils significantly increased(P<0.05).(3)The maximal value for the PHAP-P response of froglets in the 26℃,28℃,and 30℃ treatments appeared at 1 h,2 h,and 2 h after injection,and the differences were not significant(P>0.05).Increased temperatures shortened the body size of froglets and reduced kidneys wet mass at complete metamorphosis stage,weakened stress response capacity and immune function,and a tradeoff occurred between the number of neutrophils and basophils.We therefore conclude that climate warming is detrimental to the survival of froglets.

关 键 词：黑斑侧褶蛙 水温 形态表型 变态时长 生理特征 应激反应 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]