纳米抗体在体内外诊断和治疗中的优势和临床应用  

Advantages and clinical applications of nanoantibodies in vitro and in vivo diagnosis and therapy

作　　者：于艳妮[1] 周雁 邵丽莹 宋宇[1] 王明义[1] YU Yanni;ZHOU Yan;SHAO Liying;SONG Yu;WANG Mingyi(Central Laboratory,Weihai Municipal Hospital,Weihai,Shandong,China,264200)

机构地区：[1]威海市立医院中心实验室,山东威海264200

出　　处：《分子诊断与治疗杂志》2024年第5期985-988,共4页Journal of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy

摘　　要：作为目前已知的能与抗原发生特异性结合的最小抗体,纳米抗体(nanobody,Nb)近年来在医学领域的发展非常迅速。相对于常规单克隆抗体制备繁琐、成本高、运输保存条件苛刻而言,纳米抗体结构简单、稳定性极高,在极端的条件下仍然保留与抗原结合的特性,同时其具备水溶性高、穿透力强、免疫原性弱、排斥反应小、可以进行批量生产等优势,使得其被大规模应用于临床。本综述将归纳纳米抗体的生物学性能和结构特征,阐明其在小分子、病原体和癌症等方面的诊断功能以及感染和肿瘤等治疗上的应用,并对未来纳米抗体的发展进行展望。Nanoantibodies(nanobodies,Nbs),the smallest known antibodies that can specifically bind to antigens,have rapidly developed in the medical field in recent years.Compared to conventional mono⁃clonal antibody preparations nano antibodies have a simple structure,high stability,and can retain their ability to bind to antigens under extreme conditions.Additionally,they have high water solubility,strong penetra⁃tion,weak immunogenicity,low rejection rates,and can be mass⁃produced,making them suitable for large⁃scale clinical applications.This review will summarize the biological properties and structural characteristics of nanoantibodies,clarify their diagnostic functions in detecting small molecules,pathogens,and cancers,dis⁃cuss their therapeutic applications in treating infections and tumors,and explore the future development of nanoantibodies.

关 键 词：纳米抗体 重链可变区 体外诊断 

分 类 号：R392[医药卫生—免疫学]