藏缅语双音节化的特点及管控力——兼反观汉语双音节化的发展  

Characteristics and Controlling Power of Disyllabification in Tibeto Burman Languages-A Comparative Review of the Development of Disyllabification in Chinese

作　　者：戴庆厦[1] 许怡 DAI Qing-xia XU Yi

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学中国少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《古汉语研究》2024年第2期2-15,126,共15页Research in Ancient Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“湖南及周边省区汉语虚词时空立体研究及数据库建设”(21&ZD291)。

摘　　要：藏缅语普遍存在双音节化,双音节化是藏缅语的共同基因。论文运用语言类型学的理论,特别是分析性眼光,以藏缅语族语言的大量语料为依据,描写、分析了藏缅语双音节化的特点。指出:藏缅语的双音节化具有普遍性和不平衡性,是在内部动因和外部影响的双重作用下产生的。其产生的途径有组合式、韵律式、重叠式、增减式、借入式等五种。双音节化对语音类型、构词方式、语法形式、语法意义、句法特点等方面的特点和演变具有一定的管控力。还指出,汉语与藏缅语有亲缘关系,都有分析性基因,同样都存在双音节化趋势。但由于汉语和藏缅语的演变特点存在差异,其双音节化的发展也有所不同,表现在双音节化的形成途径、管控力的强度等方面。论文分析了汉语和藏缅语双音节化的共性和差异,认为其比较有助于汉藏语研究的深入。The phenomenon of disyllabification is prevalent in Tibeto-Burman languages and serves as a common feature among them.This paper employs the theory of linguistic typology with an analytical perspective,and based on a substantial corpus of Tibeto-Burman languages,it analyzes the characteristics of their disyllabification.It points out that the disyllabification of Tibeto-Burman languages is both universal and imbalanced,resulting from a combination of internal motivations and external influences.Its formation pathways include combinatory,rhythmic,reduplicative,augmentativereductive,and borrowing methods.Disyllabification has a certain controlling influence on the characteristics and evolution of phonetic types,word formation methods,grammatical forms,grammatical meanings,and syntactic features.The paper also notes that Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages share a genetic relationship,both contain analytical features,and both exhibit tendencies towards disyllabification.However,due to the diverging evolutionary characteristics of Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages,their approaches to disyllabification and the strength of its influence also differ.In summary,this paper analyzes the commonalities and differences between the disyllabification in Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages,suggesting that such comparison contributes to deeper research into Sino-Tibetan languages.

关 键 词：藏缅语 双音节化 反观 汉语 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]