人工分子机器:分子尺度运动的精准化与可视化  

Artificial molecular machines:precision and visualization of nanoscale dynamic processes

作　　者：秦文煜 施晨宇 顾睿锐 曲大辉[1] Wenyu Qin;Chenyu Shi;Ruirui Gu;Da-Hui Qu(East China University of Science and Technology,Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center,Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry,Institute of Fine Chemicals,School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学,结构可控先进功能材料及其制备教育部重点实验室,费林加诺贝尔奖科学家联合研究中心,材料生物学与动态化学前沿科学中心,精细化工研究所,化学与分子工程学院,上海200237

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2024年第5期689-702,共14页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:22025503,22220102004,22205064)资助项目。

摘　　要：分子机器在自然界至关重要,其在生物过程中执行了大量复杂的功能,从而实现不同尺度的动态行为调控.受生物系统的启发,科学家致力于研究人工分子机器在分子尺度下的精准构筑和定向运动,并通过层级组装实现信号传递和功能放大,从而推动动态智能材料的设计发展.但如何利用新方法精准构筑复杂的人工分子机器,如何将分子尺度的运动动态进行“可视化”,以及如何在生命科学研究中发挥其功能,一直是分子机器领域的研究热点.本文基于本课题组的工作,系统介绍了人工分子机器在分子尺度的精准结构构筑、信号输出以及其在跨膜运输方面的研究.最后总结了该领域在多尺度精细化和功能化方面的挑战,并展望了分子机器在宏观智能材料领域的发展前景.Molecular machines play a pivotal role in the natural world,executing a myriad of intricate functions in biological processes to regulate dynamic behaviors across various scales.Inspired by biological systems,scientists are devoted to investigating the precise construction and directed motion of artificial molecular machines at the nanoscale.Through hierarchical assembly,these endeavors aim to achieve signal transduction and functional amplification,thereby propelling the design and development of dynamic intelligent materials.However,the accurate construction of complex artificial molecular machines using novel methods,the“visualization”of the motional dynamics at the molecular scale,and the establishment of connections with other molecular-level substructures and the external environment through the utilization of molecular-level movements to engineer artificial structures have remained focal points in the field of molecular machines.Based on the work conducted by our research group,this review systematically delineates the precise structural construction at the nanoscale,signal output,and research pertaining to the transmembrane transport of artificial molecular machines.In the conclusion part,the challenges in the field are summarized,particularly in the realm of multiscale refinement and functionalization,and prospects for the development of molecular machines in the macroscopic intelligent materials domain are discussed.

关 键 词：分子机器 机械互锁分子 分子马达 光学信号表征 跨膜运输 

分 类 号：O641.3[理学—物理化学] TB381[理学—化学]