刑民交叉案件的处理:类型与规则  

Substantial Rules to the Concurrent Issues of Civil and Criminal Process

作　　者：时延安[1,2] Shi Yan'an

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心 [2]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（刑事法学）》2023年第2期20-31,共12页criminal law

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“健全支持民营经济发展的刑事法治研究”(项目编号:20&ZD198)的研究成果。

摘　　要：民刑交又问题的复杂性,需要从多个部门法律提供的视角进行观察、解析,进而形成能够在多个部门法学之间证成的判断规则和处理方式。根据现行法律和司法解释,民刑交叉案件的处理方式可以归纳为四类,即刑事附带民事诉讼、民事诉讼中止、民事纠纷转为刑事案件处理和自然人与单位刑民双轨处理。实践中通常以“先刑后民”和“刑民并进”来概括这四类处理方式。按照现行司法解释,区分这四类处理方式的学理分析工具,是基础法理学当中的法律事实和法律关系两个概念。以两个概念为分析工具并无不妥,但在复杂案件的处理上,这一处理方式的操作性不甚理想。为此,应从实体法的角度,基于学理提出三条判断规则:一是充分、及时地确认和实现民事主体的实体权益;二是以违反义务的类型和内容判断是否属于“不同法律事实”;三是以责任主体区分判断是否属于聚合的法律关系。The complexity of concurrent issues in civil and criminal processes needs to be observed and ana-lyzed from the perspective provided by multiple laws,so as to form the judgment rules and processing methods that can be proved among different laws.According to the current law and judicial interpretation,the resolving methods of such cases can be summarized into four categories,namely,incidental civil proceedings to criminal procedure,suspen-sion of civil litigation,civil disputes transferred to criminal cases,and dual-track treatment of natural person and unit criminal people.In practice,these four types of treatment methods are usually summarized by the model of"criminal process prior to civil process"and the model of"parallel treatment of criminal process and civil process".According to the current judicial interpretation,the theoretical analysis tools that distinguish these four types of treatment meth-ods are the two concepts of legal facts and legal relationships in the basic jurisprudence.It is not wrong with using two concepts as analysis tools,but in the handling of complex cases,this approach is not ideal.Therefore,we should put forward three judgment rules from the perspective of substantive legal doctrine:(1)to fully and timely confirm and pro-tect the substantive rights and interests of civil subjects;(2)to judge whether it is"different legal facts"by the type and content of the breach of obligation;(3)to distinguish the legal relationship of aggregation according to the subjects of re-sponsibility.

关 键 词：民刑交叉 实体判断规则 法律事实 违反义务 责任主体 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D925.1[政治法律—法学]