基于网络视角下的中小企业“出口新优势论”  

"Theory of New Export Advantage"of SMEs from the Perspective of E-commerce and Transport Networks

作　　者：洪俊杰[1] 吕越 陈泳昌 Hong Junjie;Lyu Yue;Chen Yongchang

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院 [2]对外经济贸易大学中国WTO研究院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（国际贸易研究）》2023年第2期3-21,共19页INTERNATIONAL TRADE

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新发展格局下中国产业链供应链安全稳定战略研究”(21&ZD098);国家自科基金面上课题“全球疫情大流行下国际国内价值链重构对中国的影响和应对策略”(72073025);国家自科基金面上课题“全球价值链、创新驱动与制造业低端锁定破局:成因、机制及应对策略”(71873031)。

摘　　要：中小企业是我国外贸增长的第一大贡献主体,深入探讨中小企业出口的综合优势来源对于“十四五”时期我国外贸高质量发展至关重要。本文创新性地提出中小企业“出口新优势论”,并通过整合2002-2013年1688网数据库、中国工业企业数据库和中国海关数据库等高度细化的微观企业数据以及合并交通网络数据,实证研究了中小企业出口综合优势的来源问题。本文的主要发现为:第一,电商网络和交通网络是我国中小企业出口背后的重要优势来源,两大网络均会显著促进中小企业出口,这一表现在控制补贴因素以及寻找工具变量处理潜在内生性后依然显著成立;此外,采用PSM-DID和高铁开通的准自然实验再次检验后发现,两大网络对中小企业的出口促进效应均显著存在。第二,机制分析发现,两大网络主要通过降低生产经营成本助力中小企业出口,其中电商网络主要降低销售成本和运营成本;交通网络主要降低运输成本和存货成本;此外,两大网络均会从贸易边界、贸易国别以及贸易频次三个方面带动中小企业出口。第三,拓展性分析表明:基于两大网络的协同影响来看,电商网络和交通网络不仅能单独发挥出口促进效应,还存在显著的协同促进效应;基于持续时间分析来看,持续应用电商网络的企业具有时间维度上的出口促进累加效应。SMEs have been among the first major contributors to trade growth in China.Therefore,comprehensively discussing the advantages of SMEs'exports is crucial to China's high-quality development of foreign trade during the"14th Five-Year"Period.This paper proposes the innovative"Theory of New Export Advantage"of SMEs.The paper uses firm data from the 2002-2013"Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database","1688 Database",and"Chinese Cus-toms Database",and then merges this data with traffic network data to empirically analyze the sources of export-inte-grated advantages of SMEs.The study's findings indicate the following.First,e-commerce networks and transportation networks are the twomajor networks that provide important advantages that support exporting by SMEs in China.These two networks significantly promote the export scale of SMEs.The result is still significant when subsidies are controlled for and when we use instrumental variables to handle potential endogeneity.Further,after additional tests of PSM-DID and a quasi-natural experiment based on high-speed rail expansion,the two networks still have significant export pro-motion effects on SMEs.Second,a mechanism analysis shows that the two networks increase SMEs'exports mainly by reducing production and operation costs.It can be seen that e-commerce networks mainly reduce sales costs and opera-tional costs,while transportation networks mainly decrease transportation costs and inventory costs.In addition,these two major networks drive the export performance of SMEs in three respects:the borders of exports,the country category of exports and the frequency of exports.Third,based on expansion analysis,from the perspective of the collaborative in-fluence of the two networks,we can see that the e-commerce network and transportation network not only individually promote the exports of SMEs,but also have a significant synergistic effect in promoting such exports.Based on the dura-tion of the participation platform,companies that continue to use e-commerce networks will continu

关 键 词：电商网络 交通网络 “出口新优势论” 中小企业 外贸高质量发展 

分 类 号：F276.3[经济管理—企业管理] F752[经济管理—国民经济]