添加低温复合菌和纤维素降解复合菌对牛粪堆肥发酵的影响  

Effects of Adding Low-temperature Compound Bacteria and Cellulose Degrading Compound Bacteria on Cow Manure Compost

作　　者：付增宇 郭玮 李志超 刘墨 周海柱[1] FU Zengyu;GUO Wei;LI Zhichao;LIU Mo;ZHOU Haizhu(School of Animal Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,Jilin 130118;Jilin General Station of Animal Husbandry,Changchun,Jilin 130062;Agricultural Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Brigade of Ningjiang District,Songyuan,Jilin 138000,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院,吉林长春130118 [2]吉林省畜牧总站,吉林长春130062 [3]松原市宁江区农业综合行政执法大队,吉林松原138000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2024年第5期47-52,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目“牛粪生物有机肥的研制与应用”(20210202055NC)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明添加低温复合菌和纤维素降解复合菌对低温环境条件下牛粪堆肥发酵的影响,为低温环境牛粪堆肥发酵生产提供依据。【方法】在低温环境条件下进行牛粪堆肥发酵试验,设试验组(试验开始当天将1%低温复合菌喷洒在堆体中搅拌均匀,堆体温度达20℃时再用1%纤维素降解复合菌喷洒在堆体中搅拌均匀)和对照组(自然发酵),测定不同时期堆肥样品的温度、含水率、pH、有机碳(TOC)含量、全氮(TN)含量和碳氮比(C/N)等理化性质指标。【结果】添加低温复合菌和纤维素降解复合菌能有效促进牛粪堆肥中有机物的降解,降低含水率和C/N,增加TN含量。其中,试验组在堆肥12 d进入高温期,高温期维持10 d,对照组未进入高温期;试验组含水率下降52.09%,对照组下降32.27%;试验组pH变化幅度较大,最终pH为7.61,对照组(7.42)无明显变化;试验结束时,试验组TOC、TN含量和C/N分别为28.5%、1.98%和14.61,对照组分别为38.5%、1.69%和22.78。【结论】牛粪中添加低温复合菌与纤维素降解复合菌可在0℃以下快速启动升温,维持高温期时间较长,能加快堆肥腐熟进程,达《畜禽粪便无害化处理技术规范》(NY/T 1168—2006)要求。【Objective】The effects of adding low-temperature compound bacteria and cellulose degrading compound bacteria on the cow manure compost under low-temperature environments were explored,which provided the basis for the production of cow manure compost under low-temperature environments.【Method】Cow manure compost test was carried out in a low-temperature environment.An experimental group(spraying 1%low-temperature compound bacteria in the compost and stirring evenly at the beginning of the test,and spraying 1%cellulose degrading compound bacteria and stirring evenly when the compost reached at 20℃)and a control group(natural fermentation)were set up.The physical-chemical indicators of temperature,moisture content,pH,organic carbon content(TOC),total nitrogen(TN)and carbon/nitrogen(C/N)of compost samples at different stages were measured.【Result】Adding the low-temperature compound bacteria and cellulose degrading compound bacteria effectively promoted the degrading of organic matter in cow manure compost,reduced the moisture content and C/N and increased the content of total nitrogen.The experimental group entered the high-temperature period on the 12th day,which lasted for 10 days,while the control group did not enter the high-temperature period.The water content of the experimental group decreased by 52.09%,while the water content of the control group decreased by 32.27%.The pH of the experimental group changed significantly,with a final pH of 7.61.There was no significant change in the pH of the control group,with a final pH of 7.42.The organic carbon content,total nitrogen content and C/N of the experimental group ultimately reached 28.5%,1.98%and 14.61,while those indexes in the control compound bacteria to cow manure can quickly start heating below 0℃,maintain the high temperature period for a longer time,accelerate the composting process,thereby meeting the requirements of Technical Specification for Non-hazardous Treatment of Animal Manure(NY/T 1168—2006).

关 键 词：低温复合菌 纤维素降解复合菌 牛粪 堆肥 发酵 

分 类 号：S852.6[农业科学—基础兽医学]