人工智能在儿童眼科疾病诊断中的应用  

Application of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of pediatric eye diseases

作　　者：令倩 肖轶尘 邵毅[1] LING Qian;XIAO Yichen;SHAO Yi(Department of Ophthalmology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University,Nanchang 330006,Jiangxi Province,China;Department of Ophthalmology,Eye&ENT Hospital of Fudan University,Shanghai 200031,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学第一附属医院眼科,江西省南昌市330006 [2]复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院眼科,上海市200031

出　　处：《眼科新进展》2024年第6期487-493,共7页Recent Advances in Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:82160195)。

摘　　要：近年来,眼科领域人工智能研究进展迅速,但在解决儿童眼科问题方面的应用却鲜少关注。目前,早产儿视网膜病变的自动检测系统诊断准确度已达到专家水平。人工智能已被应用于儿童白内障的病变分类鉴别、白内障术后并发症预测、高度近视进展预测以及斜视和屈光不正的自动检测。此外,人工智能可应用于视觉发育研究、儿童眼底图像血管发育分割以及眼科图像合成等诸多方面。这些技术在儿童眼科领域的应用能显著提高疾病诊断的准确度与治疗效率,同时对临床护理改善具有很大帮助。本文就人工智能在早产儿视网膜病变、儿童阅读障碍、幼儿视力筛查、弱视、斜视、屈光不正、儿童白内障等疾病诊断中的应用、不足之处以及未来的发展方向进行综述。Artificial intelligence(AI)has made major strides in ophthalmology in recent years.Yet,its application in resolving children’s ocular problems has received limited attention.The automated detection system for retinopathy of prematurity has achieved expert-level accuracy in diagnosis.AI has been applied to categorize cataract abnormalities in children,forecast postoperative complications of cataracts,predict the progression of high myopia,and automatically detect strabismus and refractive error.Additionally,AI has also been utilized in visual development research,segmentation of vascular development in children’s fundus images,and the synthesis of ophthalmic images.Applying AI technologies in pediatric ophthalmology can greatly enhance the accuracy of disease diagnosis and the efficiency of treatment and improve clinical care.This article reviews the application,shortcomings and future development of AI in the diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity,dyslexia in children,pediatric vision screening,amblyopia,strabismus,ametropia,and childhood cataracts.

关 键 词：人工智能 机器学习 儿童 眼科 

分 类 号：R770.4[医药卫生—眼科]