华北寒旱区马铃薯的氮效率评价及筛选  

Evaluation and Screening of Nitrogen Efficiency of Solanum tuberosum L.in Cold and Arid Regions of North China

作　　者：张弘韬 张继宗[1,2] 刘玉华 ZHANG Hongtao;ZHANG Jizong;LIU Yuhua(College of Agriculture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding Hebei 071000,China;Zhangbei Key Field Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Agricultural Resources and Ecological Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Zhangjiakou Hebei 076450,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071000 [2]农业农村部张北农业资源与生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,河北张家口076450

出　　处：《种子》2024年第5期78-85,共8页Seed

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901104-5);河北省现代农业产业技术体系露地蔬菜创新团队专项资金(HBCT2021200209)。

摘　　要：为筛选氮高效马铃薯品种,提高冀西北地区氮肥利用效率,本试验以15个马铃薯品种为供试材料,设置大田条件下不施氮与施氮两种处理,从马铃薯块茎产量、氮浓度、氮吸收量、氮生物学效率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥表观利用率等方面进行氮效率评价;并采用隶属函数对各马铃薯品种进行综合氮效率评价及筛选。结果表明,品种与施氮水平均会影响马铃薯产量,在不施氮处理下大西洋的产量最高,干重为10645.70 kg/667 m^(2);施氮处理下丽薯产量的增幅最大,为23.38%。15个马铃薯品种在施氮肥产量、氮吸收量、氮肥农学效率、氮肥偏生产力及氮肥表观利用率等氮效率性状评价下存在宽幅变异,变异系数为7%~64%。施氮与不施氮条件下,马铃薯氮浓度与产量均无显著相关关系,氮肥表观利用率与氮肥农学效率呈显著正相关。隶属函数分析表明,马铃薯品种大西洋、冀张薯8号、北方002、丽薯的综合氮效率较高,可利用于生产或氮高效种质资源。In order to screen Solanum tuberosum L.varieties with high nitrogen efficiency and improve nitrogen use efficiency in northwest Hebei,15 Solanum tuberosum L.varieties were selected as test materials,and two treatments were set up under field conditions:no nitrogen application and nitrogen application.Nitrogen efficiency was evaluated from Solanum tuberosum L.tuber yield,nitrogen concentration,nitrogen absorption,nitrogen biological efficiency,nitrogen agronomic efficiency,nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen apparent use efficiency.The membership function was used to evaluate and screen the comprehensive nitrogen efficiency of Solanum tuberosum L.varieties.The results showed that the Solanum tuberosum L.yield was affected by both variety and nitrogen application level,and the yield was the highest in Daxiyang varieties without nitrogen application,with dry weight of 10645.70 kg/667 m 2.Under the nitrogen treatment,the yield of Solanum tuberosum L.Li increased the most with 23.38%.The 15 Solanum tuberosum L.varieties showed wide variation in nitrogen efficiency traits,such as nitrogen yield,nitrogen absorption,nitrogen agronomic efficiency,nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen apparent use efficiency,with coefficient of variation ranging from 7%to 64%.There was no significant correlation between nitrogen concentration and yield,and there was a significant positive correlation between nitrogen apparent utilization and nitrogen agronomic efficiency.Membership function analysis showed that the comprehensive nitrogen efficiency of the Solanum tuberosum L.varieties Daxiyang,Jizhangshu8,North002 and Li was higher,and could be used for production or nitrogen efficient germplasm resources.

关 键 词：马铃薯 品种 氮效率评价 隶属函数 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]