寒区乡村河流生态修复工程生态效应分析  

Ecological effect of rural river ecological restoration project in cold area

作　　者：苏晓倩 陈静 李帅国 杨健 何春光[2] SU Xiao-qian;CHEN Jing;LI Shuai-guo;YANG Jian;HE Chun-guang(China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corp North China Company,Renqiu 062552,China;Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130017,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油工程建设有限公司华北分公司,河北任丘062552 [2]东北师范大学,吉林长春130017

出　　处：《环境生态学》2024年第5期101-107,共7页Environmental Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U19A2042,41901116);吉林省重大科技计划资助项目(20200503001SF)资助。

摘　　要：为揭示东北寒冷乡村地区已建的生态修复工程的生态效应,本研究以怀德河工程段为研究对象,调查了夏季和秋季生态修复工程起始点以及2种修复措施上下游底栖动物的状况,分析了生态修复工程运行1年后对底栖动物群落耐污性以及多样性的影响。结果表明,生态修复后,底栖动物的多样性、丰富度和均匀度状况得到显著改善。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margelef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数最大增加率可达310.34%、187.23%和237.50%。耐污性分析表明河道中的底栖动物组成仍然以耐污种为主,没有向更清洁的物种转变。河道中2种措施的运行效果均具有季节性,在改善底栖动物的群落组成方面,单一措施在夏季的表现优于秋季,而结合措施则相反。相比于结合措施,单一措施能更好地提高底栖动物的多样性和丰富度。单一措施下游底栖动物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margelef丰富度指数的最大增加率分别为6.86%和57.38%。本研究能够为生态修复工程的后期评价工作提供基础数据,为寒区乡村河流生态修复工作的开展提供数据支持。In order to reveal the ecological effects of ecological restoration projects built in cold rural areas of Northeast China,this study investigated the starting and ending point of ecological restoration projects and the status of benthic animals upstream and downstream of the two restoration measures in summer and autumn,and analyzed the impact of ecological restoration projects on the pollution tolerance and diversity of benthic animal communities after one year of operation.The results showed that the diversity,richness and evenness of benthic animals were significantly improved after ecological restoration.The maximum increase rates of Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margelef richness index and Pielou evenness index were 310.34%,187.23%and 237.50%.The analysis of pollution tolerance showed that the composition of the benthic fauna in the channel was still dominated by the pollution-tolerant species,and there was no cleaner species in river.The effect of the two measures is seasonal.The single measure performs better in summer than in autumn,while the combined did the opposite.Compared with combined measures,single measures can improve the diversity and abundance of benthic animals better.The maximum increase rates of Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margelef richness index were 6.86%and 57.38%,respectively.This study can provide basic data for the later evaluation of ecological restoration projects,and provide data support for the ecological restoration of rural rivers in cold areas.

关 键 词：寒冷乡村地区 生态修复工程 生态效应 底栖动物 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]