苏农黑猪生长特征和采食行为分析及其性别差异比较  

Analysis of growth characteristics,feeding behavior and gender differences of Sunong black pigs

作　　者：李昊杰 王继光 方晓敏[2] 姚文[1] LI Haojie;WANG Jiguang;FANG Xiaomin;YAO Wen(College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Institute of Agricultural Products Quality Safety and Nutrition,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学动物科技学院,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2024年第6期22-30,共9页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：江苏现代农业(生猪)产业技术体系项目(JATS[2023]423);江苏省种业振兴“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS[2021]103)。

摘　　要：旨在研究新培育品种苏农黑猪的生长发育规律。选取体重35 kg左右、日龄102 d左右的苏农黑猪阉公猪和母猪各30头,将同性别的猪按体重随机分入3个栏,每栏10头,当苏农黑猪饲喂至体重110 kg左右结束试验。通过种猪生产性能测定站获取生长性能与采食相关指标数据,研究其生长发育规律及性别差异,并使用多种函数拟合生长曲线及消化能、粗蛋白摄入与体重的曲线。结果:阉公猪生长至110 kg所需的平均天数显著低于母猪(P<0.05),平均日增重和平均日采食量极显著高于母猪(P<0.01),平均日采食时间极显著高于母猪(P<0.01)。生长曲线的拟合结果以von Bertalanffy模型为最优,阉公猪和母猪的拐点日龄、拐点体重和最大日增重分别为126 d、50.931 kg、0.764 kg和111 d、41.791 kg、0.752 kg。消化能、粗蛋白摄入与体重曲线的拟合结果以ExpDec1模型为最优,拟合得到的预测值均高于猪营养需要量中的推荐值。相较于母猪,阉公猪营养需要量预测值更高。综上,苏农黑猪阉公猪生长性能优于母猪,von Bertalanffy模型能较好地预测苏农黑猪生长发育情况,ExpDec1模型能较好地预测苏农黑猪能量和蛋白摄入量。This article aims to study the growth and development patterns of Sunong black pigs.In this study,30 barrows and 30 gilts of the Sunong black pig breed,each weighing approximately 35 kg,and aged at approximately 102 days,were selected and randomly assigned to three pens with 10 pigs per pen based on their gender.The experiment continued until the pigs reached a weight of around 110 kg each.Then,their growth performance and feeding behavior related indicators were obtained by the Pig Performance Testing Station.The investiga⁃tion focused on the growth and developmental patterns,and gender differences of the pigs,involving fitting growth curves and nutrient intake curves with multiple functions.The results as follows:The average days to of the barrows growing to 110 kg of body weight were significantly lower than those of the corresponding gilts(P<0.05).Their average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake were significantly higher(P<0.01).Their average daily feeding time was significantly higher,too(P<0.01).The von Bertalanffy model used on the pigs fitted best,with the growth inflexion of time,the growth inflexion of the breast muscle weight,and the maximum daily gain for the barrows and gilts being 126 days,50.931 kg,0.764 kg,and 111 days,41.791 kg,0.752 kg,respectively.The curves of their digestible energy and crude protein intake showed that the ExpDec1 model provided the best fit,and the predicted values were higher than those in nutrient requirements of Swine.Compared with the gilts,the predicted nutritional requirements for the barrows were higher.Taken together,the growth performance of the barrows was superior to that of the gilts.The von Bertalanffy model better predicted the growth and development of the Sunong black pigs,while the ExpDec1 model better predicted the energy and protein intake of the pig breed.

关 键 词：苏农黑猪 性别差异 生长发育规律 非线性模型 

分 类 号：S828[农业科学—畜牧学]