密度分层介质中水下航行体绕流涡演化特性  

Vortex evolution of the flow around an underwater vehiclein density-stratified flow

作　　者：张彬 周根水 高德宝[1] 杜欣明 樊晓冰 刘建华 ZHANG Bin;ZHOU Genshui;GAO Debao;DU Xinming;FAN Xiaobing;LIU Jianhua(Taihu Laboratory of Deepsea Technological Science,China Ship Scientific Research Center,Wuxi 214082,China;Department of Mechanics,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]中国船舶科学研究中心深海技术科学太湖实验室,无锡214082 [2]天津大学机械工程学院,天津300072

出　　处：《实验流体力学》2024年第2期31-39,共9页Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(91952301,91852101)。

摘　　要：在真实海洋环境中,海水存在密度分层。当水下航行体在密度分层界面附近航行时,其尾流会破坏初始密度分层界面,形成分层尾迹。分层尾迹是非声目标特征之一,分层尾迹探测已成为水下航行体探测的新兴技术。为建立分层环境水下航行体尾迹探测的理论基础和方法,应先探明水下航行体绕流涡系在密度分层介质中的发展演化特性。本文以缩比SUBOFF模型为研究对象,开展了实验测试和大涡模拟,得到了水下航行体绕流涡系在密度分层介质中的精细流场,大涡模拟和实验测试结果与相关文献测试结果基本吻合。研究发现:由于模型尾部分离涡存在强非定常性,尾流中盐水与淡水的掺混表现出多尺度特征;较强的孤立涡结构在掺混分层流体的过程中,逐渐演化为规则结构并脱离分层主界面,分层界面在一定宽度范围内整体呈现出离散特征。研究表明,基于密度梯度的尾迹探测手段可以对水下航行体尾流场进行有效探测。Density stratification is a natural existing phenomenon observed in marine environ-ments.When underwater vehicles navigate near density stratification interface,the wake flowdisrupts the initial stratification interface,resulting in a stratified wake.As one of the non-acoustic target features,stratified wake becomes a typical signal for underwater vehicle detection.To establish theoretic basis for wake flow detection in stratified environments,it is imperative tounderstand the characteristics of vortex generation and evolution around underwater vehicles inthe density-stratified flows.This work focuses on the fine flow field around a SUBOFF scalemodel with full-appendage,by experiment and Large Eddy Simulation(LES)method,to figureout the characteristics of vortex evolution around the SUBOFF scale model in density-stratifiedflow.It is found that the mixing of saline water and fresh water in the wake displays multi-scalefeatures,due to the strong unsteadiness of the separated vortices in the wake flow.The isolatedand intensified vortex tends to evolve into a relatively regular configuration in the process ofstratified fluid mixing,and causes this part of the fluid to detach from the primary interface,leading to a stratified interface with discrete characteristics in a given lateral range in the wakeflow.Therefore,wake detection based on density gradients of the wake flow of an underwatertarget might be feasible.

关 键 词：水下航行体 密度分层 尾流 大涡模拟 粒子图像测速 涡 SUBOFF模型 

分 类 号：TV131.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]