三种角孔珊瑚的形态学鉴定及辅助特征分析  

MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION AND AUXILIARY CHARACTERIZATION OF THREE SPECIES OF GONIOPORA

作　　者：沈城 黄文靖 陈庆鑫 刘丽[3] SHEN Cheng;HUANG Wen-Jing;CHEN Qing-Xin;LIU Li(Guangdong Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Xuwen National Coral Reef Nature Reserve,Zhanjiang 524088,China;College of Fisheries,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区管理局,广东湛江524088 [2]广东徐闻珊瑚礁国家级自然保护区管理局,广东湛江524088 [3]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2024年第3期726-735,共10页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项资助,2022YFD2401302号;广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目,2019A15110225号;广东海洋大学科研启动基金项目,R18024号。

摘　　要：由于传统形态学鉴定参考资料不足,近缘种在分子分类学地位上接近,使角孔珊瑚属常发生同种异名、异种同名的现象。因此,为了准确区分团块角孔珊瑚Goniopora lobata(Milne Edwards,1860)、扁平角孔珊瑚Goniopora planulata(Ehrenberg,1834)、诺福克角孔珊瑚Goniopora norfolkensis(Veron et al,1982)三种近缘种,利用电子显微镜、正置荧光显微镜、倒置荧光显微镜对三种角孔珊瑚宏观形态特征及辅助特征进行连续观察,记录其宏观结构特征、微观骨骼形态、细胞结构特征、刺丝囊形态。二代测序技术分析虫黄藻共生系群种类、qPCR测定荧光蛋白基因的表达量。结果表明:(1)团块角孔珊瑚杯直径为(3.32±0.06)mm,隔片数量为(21.71±2.36)个;扁平角孔珊瑚杯直径为(4.80±0.4)mm,隔片数量为(21.10±1.8)个;诺福克角孔珊瑚杯直径为(3.20±0.63)mm,隔片数量为(14.00±2.81)个。(2)团块、扁平、诺福克角孔珊瑚隔片刺形状分别为匀称、平缓、弯曲稀疏;诺福克角孔珊瑚隔片刺数量最多,扁平角孔珊瑚最少;诺福克角孔珊瑚隔片刺无颗粒。(3)刺丝囊囊长、刺长长度从大到小依次为:扁平角孔珊瑚、诺福克角孔珊瑚、团块角孔珊瑚;囊宽三者无明显差异。三种珊瑚共生虫黄藻系群组成无明显差别。团块角孔珊瑚的绿色荧光基因表达量显著高于另外两种珊瑚,紫蓝非荧光色蛋白基因表达量显著低于另外两种珊瑚。研究表明三种角孔珊瑚骨骼微观结构是角孔珊瑚属内物种鉴定的重要特征,而刺丝囊形态和荧光蛋白表达量可作为辅助的鉴别依据。Due to the lack of information for traditional morphological identification and the similar molecular taxonomic status of related species,homonyms and heteronyms often occurs in Goniopora.Therefore,the morphological characteristics and supporting identification features of Goniopora lobata(Milne Edwards,1860),Goniopora planulata(Ehrenberg,1834),and Goniopora norfolkensis(Veron et al,1982)are reviewed and presented.The three species Goniopora were successively observed under electron microscope,and orthogonal and inverted fluorescence microscope,from which their morphometric,tissue,nematocyst,and the species of zooxanthellae symbiont were recorded and analyzed by second-generation sequencing techniques,and the expression of fluorescent protein gene was determined by qPCR.Results show that the number of corallite was(3.32±0.06)mm and the number of septa was 21.71±2.36 for G.lobata,those for G.planulata were(4.8±0.4)mm and 21.1±1.8,and for G.norfolkensis were(3.2±0.63)mm and 14±2.81,respectively.The shapes of septal spines of G.lobata,G.planulata,and G.norfolkensis were uniform,gentle,and curved and sparse.The number of septal spines of G.norfolkensis was the highest and that of G.planulata was the lowest.There were no granules in G.norfolkensis.The length of nematocyst and spines in descending order were as follows:G.planulata,G.norfolkensis,G.lobata.The width of the nematocyst was not significantly different among the three species.There was no significant difference in the composition of the zooxanthellae of the three coral species.The green fluorescent gene was significantly higher while the purple-blue non-fluorescent gene was significantly lower in G.lobata than those of the other two corals.Therefore,the skeletal microstructure of the three species of Goniopora is an important feature for species identification within Goniopora,and the nematocyst morphology and fluorescence protein expression could be used as auxiliary character for the species identification.

关 键 词：团块角孔珊瑚 扁平角孔珊瑚 诺福克角孔珊瑚 形态鉴定 虫黄藻 荧光蛋白 

分 类 号：Q142[生物学—生态学] Q789[生物学—普通生物学] X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]