氢储能电站运营的模式优选与激励机制  

Operation Mode Optimization and Incentive Mechanism of Hydrogen Energy Storage Power Station

作　　者：张荣达 张庆斌 高睿 ZHANG Rongda;ZHANG Qingbin;GAO Rui(China University of Petroleum(Beijing)School of Economics and Management,Changping Beijing,102249,China;China University of Petroleum(Beijing)Low Carbon Economy and Policy Research Center,Changping Beijing,102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)经济管理学院,北京昌平102249 [2]中国石油大学(北京)低碳经济与政策研究中心,北京昌平102249

出　　处：《西南石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期9-17,共9页Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“碳中和目标下可再生能源大规模发展的路径和协同机制研究”(21AZD111);国家电网公司管理咨询项目“新型电力系统背景下电网企业服务氢能综合利用发展策略研究”(81120021N003)。

摘　　要：可再生能源发电需要大规模的储能设施进行跨季调节,氢储能具有储存成本低、自放电率低的优势,是跨季储能的最佳选择。当前,氢储能如何实现盈利是阻碍其发展的主要问题。通过混合整数线性规划模型计算氢储能在各商业模式下的机组最佳装机容量及收益,探索氢储能的最佳商业模式,结果发现:氢储能电站通过电价差套利、售氢及建设可再生能源的方式可获得最大收益;在电价上限为2.56元/kW·h时,氢储能可以实现收支平衡;在2030-2037年间,氢储能可以实现商业化盈利;氢燃料电池成本下降对氢储能系统收益影响最大。当前,应通过加快推进电力现货市场建设、完善氢储能进入电力市场政策、重视氢燃料电池发展等措施,大力推动氢储能快速发展。Hydrogen energy storage,with its advantages of low storage cost and low self-discharge rate,is highly suitable for seasonal energy storage.However,the low profitability of commercial operation hinders its development.This article first lists various commercial models of hydrogen energy storage.By using a mixed integer linear programming model,the optimal installation capacity and revenue of each unit under different commercial models are calculated.The optimal commercial model and relevant planning methods for hydrogen energy storage are obtained.Furthermore,based on technological advancements,the time when hydrogen energy storage can achieve commercial profitability is predicted.The study finds that hydrogen en-ergy storage stations can achieve maximum profits through electricity price arbitrage,hydrogen sales,and the construction of renewable energy sources.When the upper limit of electricity price is 2.56 CNY/kW•h,hydrogen energy storage can achieve breakeven.Considering the cost reduction from technological advancements,hydrogen energy storage can achieve commercial profitability between 2030 and 2037.Additionally,the decrease in hydrogen fuel cell costs has the greatest impact on the pro fitability of hydrogen energy storage systems.Based on these findings,we propose to accelerate the development of electricity spot markets,improve market entry regulations related to hydrogen energy storage,and strengthen the development of hydrogen fuel cells,and thereby promote the rapid development of hydrogen energy storage industry.

关 键 词：氢储能 商业模式 实时电价 激励机制 可再生能源 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理]