德国19世纪私法科学视阈中的人格权保护:以耶林的教义学和方法论为中心  

The Protection of Personality Rights in the Threshold of German Science of Private Law in Nineteenth Century:Centering on the Doctrine and Methodology of Jhering

作　　者：肖伟 Xiao Wei

机构地区：[1]科隆大学法学院近代私法史研究所

出　　处：《南大法学》2024年第3期1-23,共23页NanJing University Law Journal

摘　　要：耶林将罗马法中的“侵辱之诉”更新为人格权保护制度,并区分了抽象的和具体的“侵辱之诉”,二者大致上分别对应了一般人格权保护和具体法律关系中的人格利益保护。基于此,耶林极大扩展了人格权和人格利益的保护深度和广度,乃至有泛化和过度之嫌。也正因如此,从方法论层面,耶林的人格权理论对法学家提出了极大挑战,即如何实现人格权保护的体系性和技术性的教义化。立法者赋予法学家的法学建构以形式效力,进而将人格权保护完全纳入到融贯的制定法体系之中,但这种做法,在耶林看来,几乎无法成行。为在法律的明确性和个案正义之间达成平衡,实现人格权保护的“可实践性”,耶林选择了开放的“法学家法”或“法官法”,其一方面尽可能进行技术性的教义化,另一方面持续以直观的决疑术为参考。就此而言,耶林提前指明了德国20世纪以来的人格权保护之路,其实际上更是深深植根于19世纪私法科学的方法理念。and concrete,which roughly corresponded to the protection of general personality rights and the protection of personality interests in specific legal relations respectively.Based on this,Jhering greatly expanded the depth and breadth of the protection of personality rights and interests,and even made generalization and over-expansion.Because of this,from the perspective of methodology,Jhering s theory of personality rights puts forward a great challenge to the jurists,that is,how to realize the systematic and technical doctrine of personality rights protection.The legislator gives formal validity to the jurist s jurisprudential constructs and thus fully integrates the protection of personality rights into a coherent system of Statute Law,but this approach,in Jhering s view,is almost impossible to achieve.In order to strike a balance between legal clarity and case-by-case justice,and to realize the“practicability”of the protection of personality rights,Jhering chose an open“jurist s law”or“judge s law”,which on the one hand,it is as technically doctrinaire as possible,while on the other hand,it continues to refer to the intuitive casuistry.In this respect,Jhering showed the way ahead for the protection of personality rights in Germany in the twentieth century,which was in fact deeply rooted in the methodological concepts of science of Private Law in the nineteenth century.

关 键 词：耶林 人格权 侵辱之诉 私法科学 方法论 

分 类 号：D904.1[政治法律—法学理论] D913[政治法律—法学] D951.6