“V着”存在句的语体结构与语法属性  

The Register Structure and Grammatical Properties of the“V-zhe”Existential Sentences

作　　者：段清钒 Duan Qing-fan(Faculty of Linguistic Sciences,Beijing Language and Culture University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学语言科学院,北京100083

出　　处：《汉语学习》2024年第3期51-61,共11页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：北京语言大学2022年度研究生创新基金项目“存现句句首有无“在”的句法语体对立研究”(项目编号:22YCX062)资助。

摘　　要：将有“在”与无“在”的“V着”存在句视为相同的结构无法解释存在句中有无“在”造成的合法与非法。考察有无“在”“V着”的存在结构发现:(1)“LocP_(1)+VP”与“P+LocP_(2)+VP”是两个不同的句法结构,前者是口语体,后者是正式体,内含体原子不同。(2)“P+LocP_(2)+VP”的合法与否是由“三维语法”中的语体之法决定,只有“P+LocP_(2)”满足双步平衡律,结构才能合法。同时,这也是“在”后音节数较多的本质原因。Viewing“V-zhe”existential sentences with and without“zai”as identical structures fails to account for the grammatical and semantic distinctions arising from the presence or absence of“zai”,thereby hindering the explanation of the legal and illegal constructions in these sentences.This article analyzes the existential sentence structure with or without“zai”,and finds that:(1)“LocP_(1)+VP”and“P+LocP_(2)+VP”represent distinct syntactic structures,characterized respectively by colloquial and formal registers,with differing Register-Atoms.(2)The legality and illegality of“P+LocP_(2)+VP”are determined by the Register Grammar of a“Trinitarian Grammar System”.Only when the“P+LocP_(2)”satisfies the Principle of Balance of Two-Feet Formation can the structure be legal.At the same time,this is also the essential reason for a large number of syllables after“zai”.

关 键 词：“V着”存在句 (在)+LocP+VP 语体语法 三维语法 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]