美国对外金融制裁的表现及我国应对——基于俄罗斯、伊朗、朝鲜三国的案例研究  

The Performance of U.S.Financial Sanctions and China's Response——Based on Case Studies of Russia,Iran and North Korea

作　　者：孙志强[1] 叶如静 SUN Zhiqiang;YE Rujing(Shandong University,Weihai,Shandong 264200,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学,山东威海264200

出　　处：《对外经贸实务》2024年第5期67-75,共9页Practice in Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

基　　金：山东省社科基金一般项目“中等强国视阈下澳大利亚印太战略实施与应对研究”(23CGJJ01);山东大学威海校区人文社科青年项目“澳大利亚‘印太战略’实施对中国的影响及应对研究”(2023RWQN009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：金融制裁属于定向和定位灵活的制裁方式,是经济制裁的一个组成部分,也是压力外交的一种重要方式。近年来,美国针对其竞争对手或“敌对国”频繁使用金融制裁手段,以最小化成本实现对制裁对象的精准打击。研究美国金融制裁的方式、效果以及被制裁国的应对举措,对维护我国金融安全具有重要启示意义。本文以美国对俄罗斯、伊朗和朝鲜三国的金融制裁为案例,围绕制裁特点、反制措施、影响结果三方面展开论述。研究发现,尽管美国对三国金融制裁的范围不断扩大、速度不断加快、烈度不断提高,且已对它们的经济发展造成一定的负面冲击,但美国却并未完全达到预期目标,三国在政治立场上对美更趋强硬。有鉴于此,面对美国金融制裁的威胁,我国应综合采取临时性、进攻性、防守性应对策略,稳步增强经济实力,积极推进人民币国际化,并联合各国构建应对美国金融霸权的制约机制,来维护自身金融安全。Financial sanctions,as a targeted and flexible form of sanctioning,are part of economic sanctions and an important method of coercive diplomacy.In recent years,the United States has frequently used financial sanctions against its competitors or“hostile countries”to achieve precise impacts on the targets at minimum costs.To study the methods and effects of U.S.financial sanctions,as well as the countermeasures of the sanctioned countries,has significant implications for maintaining China's financial security.Taking the financial sanctions against Russia,Iran and North Korea as cases,this paper discusses the characteristics,countermeasures,and consequences of sanctions.The study finds that although the scope,speed,and intensity of the financial sanctions imposed by the United States on the three countries continued to expand,which had a certain negative impact on their economic development,the U.S.has not fully achieved its anticipated objectives,with the three countries hardening their political stance against the U.S.Given this,in the face of the threat of U.S.financial sanctions,China should adopt comprehensively temporary,offensive,and defensive response strategies,steadily bolster economic strength,actively promote the internationalization of RMB,and collaborate with other countries to build a mechanism for restraining U.S.financial hegemony,thereby safeguarding its own financial security.

关 键 词：金融制裁 美元霸权 金融安全 美国对外政策 

分 类 号：F831.6[经济管理—金融学]