民族国家的历史演变及面临的挑战  

Historical Evolution of the Nation-State and the Challenges

作　　者：周平[1] Zhou Ping(Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学,昆明650091

出　　处：《国家现代化建设研究》2024年第3期77-91,共15页Journal of Modernization Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中华现代国家建设中的民族问题治理研究”(项目编号:22JJD810002)。

摘　　要：梳理民族国家形成和演变的历史会发现,民族国家并非某个民族的国家,而是一个取代王朝国家的国家类型,其本质在于民族拥有国家的主权,并通过国家机构来行使。因此,民族国家是一种嵌入了民族因素的国家体制类型,被世界上众多国家采纳,成为世界范围内主导性的国家类型,进而成为“现代国家”概念指称的对象。中国辛亥革命推翻最后一个封建王朝,也以民族国家体制取而代之,并于中华人民共和国成立时完成了民族国家构建。民族国家出现后,一直面临着各种挑战。近年来,欧美国家出现的主观性身份对国民身份产生了侵蚀,对民族国家形成空前严峻的挑战,需要认真关注和深入研究。A review of the history of the formation and evolution of the nation-state reveals that the nation-state does not mean the state of a particular nationality,but a type of state that replaces the dynastic regime,whose essence lies in the fact that the nation possesses the sovereignty of the country and exercises it through state institutions.Therefore,the nation-state is a type of state institution embedded with the national factor,which has been adopted by many countries around the world and has become the dominant type of state in the world,and thus the referent of the concept of“modern state”.After China overthrew the last feudal dynasty in the 1911 Revolution,it also replaced it with a nation-state system and completed the construction of the nation-state with the founding of the People’s Republic of China.While the nation-state has been facing challenges since its emergence,challenges have reached an unprecedented level in the context of the erosion of national identity by the emergence of subjective identities in Europe and the United States in recent years.

关 键 词：王朝国家 民族国家 国家类型 国家伦理 多民族国家 国民身份 

分 类 号：D032[政治法律—政治学]