魏晋公府从事中郎考述  

On the assistant Zhonglang in the shogunate office during the Wei and Jin dynasties

作　　者：刘军[1] LIU Jun(Research Institute of Ancient Documents,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学古籍研究所,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《中南大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期201-212,共12页Journal of Central South University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“中古鲜卑拓跋氏士族化进程研究”(19BZS056)。

摘　　要：魏晋时期,诸公及位从公的统兵幕府专设从事中郎一职。魏晋公府的从事中郎不再是以皇帝私属家臣身份督军的耳目,而是府君信赖的心腹僚属,与长官维持紧密的附庸关系。其地位介于长史、司马和参军、掾吏之间,作为高级行政助理,有权过问本府咨议、机要、人事、指挥、法宪等事务,并可全权代表府主办事,乃幕府纲纪显职。从事中郎的选任资格与乡品三品固定搭配,阀阅世资以高门士族为主,兼采优秀寒素。其仕宦履历不乏专属乡品二品的清要职位,晋升过程相互衔接司空见惯,反映当时门阀大幕虽已拉开,但对流孔道尚未完全封闭。从事中郎仕途的末段普遍跻身三品官,反证乡品对仕宦前景具有等位的预期功能。中正主观评议的乡品不同于单纯核算世资的门品,这是研究从事中郎及其他职官必须加以细致区分的。During the Wei and Jin dynasties,the military shogunate of the feudal lords and their subordinate lords specifically set up the position of Zhonglang.It is no longer a private vassal of the emperor who oversees the army,but a trusted confidant of the prefect,maintaining a close vassal relationship with the superior.His position is between that of a chief official,a chief minister,and a military and civil servant.As a senior administrative assistant,he has the authority to inquire about the affairs of the shogunate,including consultation,intelligence,personnel,command,and constitutional affairs,and can fully represent the head of the shogunate in handling affairs.And he is a prominent official in the shogunate's discipline.The selection qualifications for the position of Zhonglang are in line with the fixed combination of the third grade of rural evaluation,with a focus on high class aristocrats from prestigious family backgrounds,but also with integration with excellent individuals from the poor.His official career includes several important positions for the second grade,and it is customary for the promotion process to be interconnected,which reflects that although the curtain of power had already been opened at that time,the convection channels had not yet been completely closed.At the end of his career as a middle ranking official,he generally rises to the rank of third rank official,which proves that the rural rank has an equal expectation function for the prospects of officialdom.The subjective evaluation of rural evaluation level by Zhongzheng is different from those solely based on the calculation of hereditary assets,which must be carefully distinguished in the study of Zhonglang and other officials.

关 键 词：魏晋 幕府 从事中郎 流品秩序 阀阅世资 乡品 

分 类 号：K235[历史地理—历史学]