3个优质甜玉米品种幼苗及田间耐寒性分析  

The Cold Tolerance Analysis of Three Sweet Maize Cultivars in Seedlings and Field

作　　者：詹鹏麟 张扬[1] 林建新[1] 卢和顶[1] 许静[1] 庄炜 陈山虎[1] 廖长见[1] ZHAN Penglin;ZHANG Yang;LIN Jianxin;LU Heding;XU Jing;ZHUANG Wei;CHEN Shanhu;LIAO Changjian(Maize Research Center/Institute of Crop Research,Fujian Academy of Agricutural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院作物研究所/玉米研究中心,福建福州3500013

出　　处：《福建农业学报》2024年第3期243-250,共8页Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：福建省科技计划公益类专项(2021R1031006、2022R1031001);福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目(zycxny2021006);福建省农业科学院自由探索科技创新项目(ZYTS2023004)。

摘　　要：【目的】为提升甜玉米产值,生产上常需要促早和冬种栽培,但两种栽培模式会经历低温危害过程,因此鉴定耐寒性甜玉米品种在种植和推广具有重要应用价值。【方法】以闽甜6855及同生态应用品种萃甜618和广良甜27号(简称广良27)为供试材料,采用室内和大田低温表型鉴定,对幼苗耐寒性生理指标及大田果穗外观品质性状进行比较分析。【结果】(1)3个品种幼苗进行4℃处理24、48、72 h后,表型性状结果发现闽甜6855耐寒性最强,萃甜618次之,广良27最弱。(2)对低温处理下5个耐寒指标检测发现,在48 h下闽甜6855中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)酶活含量分别为315.43和429.81 U·g^(-1),过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性为771.97μmoL·min^(-1)·g^(-1),分别比萃甜618高13.9%、109.1%和28.5%,比广良27高34.3%、86.4%和18.8%;丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量在闽甜6855积累最低;而可溶性蛋白质(Soluble protein,SP)含量在闽甜6855中显著高于广良27。(3)耐寒指标相关性分析发现,SOD酶活性与处理时间和CAT酶活性有极显著相关性,与SP酶活性具有显著性相关。(4)冬季大田种植,采后比较果穗特性,发现闽甜6855结实性最好,外观好,无缺粒现象;穗行数达15.6、出籽率71.68%,高于萃甜618和广良27,秃尖长最短。【结论】闽甜6855幼苗期在表型和生理上具有更明显的耐寒性,低温下果穗外观品质优势强,具有重要推广应用价值。【Objective】Three cold-tolerant sweet maize cultivars were tested at seedling stage as well as in the field to select the variety for extending growth season to increase productivity.【Method】An indoor experiment using seedlings of Mintian 6855,Cuitian 618,and Guangliangtian NO.27(named Guangliang 27)was conducted at 4℃for varied durations.A field test was also carried out on the plants in cold weather.Phenotype identification was used to compare and analyze the physiological indices on the seedlings and the ear appearance in the field.【Results】(1)Phenotypic appearances of Mintian 6855 seedlings of the 3 cultivars showed the strongest cold tolerance after being treated at 4℃for 24,48,and 72 h,while Guangliang 27 seedlings were the weakest.(2)The activities of SOD,CAT,and POD of the Mintian 6855 seedlings in 48 h were respectively 315.43 U·g^(-1),771.97μmoL·min^(-1)·g^(-1),and 429.81 U·g^(-1);13.9%,28.5%,and 109.1%higher than those of Cuitian 618;and 34.3%,18.8%,and 86.4%higher than those of Guangliang 27.Among the 3 cultivars,Mintian 6855 accumulated MDA in the least amount.The SP content in Mintian 6855 was significantly higher than that in Guangliang 27.(3)The SOD activity was extremely significant correlated with the treatment time.The CAT and SOD activities significantly correlated with the SP content.(4)In the field test,the well-developed ears harvested from the winter crop of Mintian 6855 had an appealing appearance free of any missing kernels.On average,the plants produced significantly more rows of kernels at 15.6 and dry kernel yield at 71.68%per ear than did Cuitian 618 or Guangliang 27.【Conclusion】Mintian 6855 was significantly more tolerant to low temperatures as shown phenotypically and physiologically at seedling stage.As a mature plant in the field,it bore appealing ears under cold climate.

关 键 词：甜玉米 苗期 耐寒性 生理指标 出籽率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]