高寒山区不同发酵方式对羊粪养分、重金属和微生物含量的影响  

Effects of fermentation methods on the nutrients,heavy metals and microbial indexes of sheep manure in alpine mountainous areas

作　　者：曾祥明 王建瑶 杨雪 龚婷婷 宋德荣 ZENG Xiangming;WANG Jianyao;YANG Xue;GONG Tingting;SONG Derong(Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Bijie 551700,China;Guizhou Xinwumeng Ecological Animal Husbandry Development Co.,Ltd.,Hezhang 553200,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省毕节市畜牧兽医科学研究所,贵州毕节551700 [2]贵州新乌蒙生态牧业发展有限公司,贵州赫章553200

出　　处：《养殖与饲料》2024年第6期7-10,共4页Animals Breeding and Feed

基　　金：农业农村部、财政部国家绒毛用羊产业技术体系专项(CARS-39-31);贵州省第六批人才基地项目(黔人领发[2018]3号);贵州省科研机构创新能力建设专项(黔科合服企[2021]12-02);2023年贵州省省级财政种业发展项目贵乾半细毛羊遗传资源保护和创新利用;毕节市重大科技计划“揭榜挂帅”项目(毕科合[2021]1-03)。

摘　　要：[目的]探索不同发酵方式对羊粪的处理效果,为高寒山区羊粪处理提供借鉴依据。[方法]将羊粪(以下羊粪均为新鲜羊粪和半腐熟羊粪混合)分为3组在室内进行发酵处理,Ⅰ组加入有机肥发酵剂、Ⅱ组覆盖薄膜自然发酵、Ⅲ组自然发酵,经75d发酵后测定羊粪养分、重金属和微生物指标。[结果]整个发酵期间,氮含量先上升后下降,磷含量先上升后下降再上升,钾含量呈上升趋势。羊粪发酵75d后,总养分(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O)、氮(N)、五氧化二磷(P2O5)、氧化钾(K2O)的质量分数分别为6.97%、2.72%、2.56%、1.69%,总砷(As)、总汞(Hg)、总铅(Pb)、总铬(Cr)含量分别为0.60、0.09、22、25 mg/kg,粪大肠菌群数小于3.0个/g、蛔虫卵死亡率100%。[结论]添加有机肥发酵剂的羊粪发酵温度较高,羊粪发酵腐熟后氮、磷、钾元素含量均不同程度的增加,其中有机质、微量元素、重金属等指标均符合有机肥标准,可采用发酵方式处理羊粪,提高羊粪中营养物质的再利用效果。[Objectives]The effects of different fermentation methods on sheep manure were studied to provide a reference for treating sheep manure in alpine mountainous areas.[Methods]The sheep manure(mixing fresh sheep manure with semi-decomposed sheep manure)was divided into three groups for fermentation indoors.The group I was added with fermentation agent for organic fertilizer,the groupⅡwas covered with sheeting for natural fermentation,and the groupⅢwas naturally fermented.The nutrients,heavy metals,and microbial indexes of sheep manure were measured after 75 days of fermentation.[Results]During the entire period of fermentation,the content of nitrogen first increased and then decreased,the content of phosphorus first increased and then decreased and then increased again,and the content of potassium had an upward trend.After 75 days of fermenting sheep manure,the content of total nutrients(N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O),nitrogen(N),phosphorus pentoxide(P_(2)O_(5))and potassium oxide(K_(2)O)was 6.97%,2.72%,2.56%and 1.69%,respectively.The content of total arsenic(As),total mercury(Hg),total lead(Pb)and total chromium(Cr)was 0.6 mg/kg,0.09 mg/kg,22 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg total chromium(Cr),respectively.The number of fecal coliforms was less than 3.0/g.The mortality of Ascaris egg was 100%.[Conclusions]The fermentation temperature of sheep manure with added fermentation agent for organic fertilizer was higher.The content of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium elements increased to varying degrees,and indexes including organic matter,trace elements,and heavy metals all met the standards for organic fertilizers after the fermentation and decomposition of sheep manure.It is indicated that fermentation can be used to treat sheep manure to improve the reuse efficiency of nutrients in sheep manure.

关 键 词：高寒山区 羊粪发酵 有机肥 营养元素 发酵温度 

分 类 号：TS2[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]