不同淀粉/中性洗涤纤维比例饲粮对育肥牦牛生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响  

Effects of Diets with Different Starch/Neutral Detergent Fiber Ratios on Growth Performance,Carcass Performance and Meat Quality of Fattening Yaks

作　　者：马宗亮 张怀 达富兰 李斌峰 官久强[2] 赵洪文[2] 武志娟[1] 罗晓林[2] 张翔飞 MA Zongliang;ZHANG Huai;DA Fulan;LI Binfeng;GUAN Jiuqiang;ZHAO Hongwen;WU Zhijuan;LUO Xiaolin;ZHANG Xiangfei(Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization of Sichuan Province and Ministry of Education,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences,Chengdu 611731,China;Qinghai Cattle Pierer Husbandry Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xining 800001,China;Qingdao Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College,Huangyuan 812100,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学,青藏高原动物遗传资源保护与利用四川省教育部重点实验室,成都610041 [2]四川省草原科学研究院,成都611731 [3]青海牛必乐农牧科技有限公司,西宁800001 [4]青海农牧科技职业学院,湟源812100

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2024年第5期3094-3105,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1302103);四川省林草创新团队草种质资源挖掘与创新利用;青海省科技成果转化专项项目(2022-NK-130);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37);青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(2022ZY019)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究不同淀粉/中性洗涤纤维(starch/NDF,SN)比例饲粮对育肥牦牛生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。选取51头体况良好、体重[(247.48±24.02)kg]相近的健康雄性牦牛,随机分为3组(每组17个重复,每个重复1头牛),分别饲喂不同碳水化合物结构饲粮,分别为低SN比例(LSN组)、中SN比例(MSN组)、高SN比例(HSN)饲粮,SN比例分别为0.41、0.51、0.64。舍饲饲养115 d。结果表明:HSN组牦牛平均日增重显著高于LSN组(P<0.05),同时料重比显著低于LSN组(P<0.05)。HSN组牦牛瘤胃重显著低于LSN、MSN组(P<0.05),网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、小肠、大肠及心脏、肝脏重在不同组间差异不显著(P>0.05);各组牦牛在胴体长、胴体胸深、胴体深、胴体后腿围、胴体后腿长、胴体后腿宽、大腿肌肉厚差异不显著(P>0.05),HSN组牦牛屠宰率显著高于LSN组(P<0.05),净肉率显著高于LSN组(P<0.05)。HSN组牦牛背最长肌熟肉率高于LSN组,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05),剪切力显著低于LSN组(P<0.05),HSN组亮度值高于LSN、MSN组,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。综上所述,育肥牦牛对高SN比例饲粮具有良好的适应性,高SN比例饲粮能够促进牦牛增重、提高产肉性能并改善肉品质。The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diets with different starch/neutral detergent fi⁃ber(NDF)(SN)ratios on the growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality of fattening yak.Fifty⁃one healthy male yaks with similar body condition and weight[(247.48±24.02)kg]were randomly divided into three groups,with 17 replicates per group and one yak per replicate.Yaks of different groups were fed different carbohydrate structure diets,namely low SN ratio(LSN group),medium SN ratio(MSN group)and high SN ratio(HSN group)diets,with SN ratios of 0.41,0.51 and 0.64,respectively.The animals were housed for 115 days.The results showed that the average daily gain of yaks in HSN group was significantly higher than that in LSN group(P<0.05),and the ratio of feed to gain was significantly lower than that in LSN group(P<0.05).Yaks in HSN group had significantly lower rumen weight than those in LSN and MSN groups(P<0.05).The weight of reticulum,omasum,abomasum,small intestine,large intestine,heart,liver did not dif⁃fer significantly among groups(P>0.05).Different carbohydrate structure diets had no significant influence on carcass length,chest depth,depth,hind leg circumference,hind leg length,hind leg width,thigh muscle thickness and other carcass dimensions(P>0.05).Yaks in HSN group had significantly higher slaughter rate than those in LSN group(P<0.05),as well as clear meat rate in LSN group(P<0.05).The cooked meat rate of longissimus dorsi in HSN group was higher than that in LSN group,but not significantly(P>0.05),mean⁃while,the yaks in HSN group had significantly lower shear force(P<0.05).Brightness value in HSN group was higher than that in LSN and MSN groups,but not significantly(P>0.05).In conclusion,fattening yaks have good adaptability to high SN ratio diet,which can be beneficial to improvement of growth,meat perform⁃ance and meat quality in fattening yaks.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2024,36(5):3094⁃3105]

关 键 词：牦牛 淀粉 中性洗涤纤维 生长性能 肉品质 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]